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After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in the Pacific and on the Home Front : Videos

Echoes of Pearl Harbor Echoes of Pearl Harbor Learn about and support the restoration of the USS Arizona Memorial by visiting restore.arizonamemorial.org To watch this program with audio ... Rated: -1     Duration: 124 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Thu, 20 Jan 2011 06:46:49 PST	Home Front: America in the 1940s Home Front: America in the 1940s Guided tour of 1995 exhibit at the Hoover Library about America in the 1940s. Rated: 4.6     Duration: 1576 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:24:57 PDT	World war 2 rap (Lose yourself) World war 2 rap (Lose yourself) covered includes allies vs axis, causes for war, major leaders, major battles, homefront, post-war, etc. Feel free to use this for any educational ... Rated: 4.72093     Duration: 320 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Sun, 10 Apr 2011 11:45:15 PDT	Attack on Pearl Harbor - Wiki Article Attack on Pearl Harbor - Wiki Article The attack on Pearl Harbor (called Hawaii Operation or Operation AI by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters (Operation Z in planning) and ... Rated: -1     Duration: 3606 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Sat, 17 Nov 2012 09:29:14 PST
Witness to History Witness to History personal importance of the memorials and the lasting impacts of the Pacific War. ... WWIIValor NPS ... "Pearl Harbor" "World War II ... Rated: -1     Duration: 283 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Sun, 05 Dec 2010 19:49:26 PST	Rude Awakening Rude Awakening rush out and took a look down to the Pearl Harbor. We could see all that was happening. By the time I got into the Pearl Harbor, and got to the ... Rated: -1     Duration: 176 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:11:10 PST	Attack on Pearl Harbor - Wiki Article Attack on Pearl Harbor - Wiki Article The attack on Pearl Harbor (called Hawaii Operation or Operation AI by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters (Operation Z in planning) and ... Rated: 1     Duration: 3609 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Mon, 26 Nov 2012 08:40:36 PST	Words at War: Ten Escape From Tojo / What To Do With Germany / Battles: Pearl Harbor To Coral Sea Words at War: Ten Escape From Tojo / What To Do With Germany / Battles: Pearl Harbor To Coral Sea The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from 4--8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial ... Rated: 1     Duration: 4495 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Mon, 10 Sep 2012 23:02:26 PDT
WW2 Tribute to our troops "World War 2 Greatest Generation" WW2 Tribute to our troops "World War 2 Greatest Generation" the Nazis in Europe and the Japanese soldiers in the Pacific Theater. Including our troops on the home front who supported America's efforts ... Rated: 4.5862069     Duration: 304 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Sun, 29 Jan 2012 15:22:20 PST	No music! Army vs. UFO (1942; Los Angeles). Captured on Film w/CBS Radio Report of Battle. No music! Army vs. UFO (1942; Los Angeles). Captured on Film w/CBS Radio Report of Battle. " (as in "gentry") in voicing "Los Angeles" is a modern conceit. After a stint in Army Air Force in the Pacific theatre ... Rated: 4.9209485     Duration: 223 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Sun, 18 Jul 2010 01:43:20 PDT	Hellcats of the Navy (trailer) Hellcats of the Navy (trailer) first lady united states gipper world war II ww2 Charles A. Lockwood Commander Submarine Forces Pacific COMSUBPAC nimitz pearl harbor japan ... Rated: 5     Duration: 124 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Wed, 13 May 2009 04:12:56 PDT	#69 It Is Written in the Wind - Boaz Power TV #69 It Is Written in the Wind - Boaz Power TV during World War II. In the months following the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan was winning the war in the Pacific. Japanese intelligence ... Rated: -1     Duration: 501 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Fri, 16 Apr 2010 03:21:04 PDT
Words at War: Combined Operations / They Call It Pacific / The Last Days of Sevastopol Words at War: Combined Operations / They Call It Pacific / The Last Days of Sevastopol The Siege of Sevastopol took place on the Eastern Front of the Second World War. The campaign was fought by the Axis powers of Germany, Romania ... Rated: 2.1052632     Duration: 5353 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Sat, 08 Sep 2012 11:15:16 PDT	Eternal Peace Eternal Peace of the memorials and the lasting impacts of the Pacific War. ... WWIIValor NPS ... ww2 stories wwII valor in the pacific national monument uss ... Rated: 4.9174085     Duration: 226 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Tue, 02 Aug 2011 14:32:01 PDT	Apocalypse: The Second World War - 3/6 - Shock (1940--1941) HD Apocalypse: The Second World War - 3/6 - Shock (1940--1941) HD Japan, launches a surprise attack on the United States big naval base in the Pacific, Pearl Harbor. And with this wave of Japanese planes, the war ... Rated: -1     Duration: 2821 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Wed, 11 Jul 2012 14:59:04 PDT	Flight 93 Crashes into CAMP DAVID! (Part-2) Flight 93 Crashes into CAMP DAVID! (Part-2) evidence the manner in which the FIRST 'original' Pearl Harbor achieved full occupation and acquisition of the Pacific... and the ' ... Rated: 4.1568627     Duration: 616 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Thu, 05 Jul 2007 12:51:52 PDT
Flight 93 Crashes into CAMP DAVID! (Part-2) Flight 93 Crashes into CAMP DAVID! (Part-2) evidence the manner in which the FIRST 'original' Pearl Harbor achieved full occupation and acquisition of the Pacific... and the ' ... Rated: 4.1568627     Duration: 616 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Thu, 05 Jul 2007 12:51:52 PDT	NLP Training Course - What The Others Dont Tell You NLP Training Course - What The Others Dont Tell You scripts and you get them to take home and keep them forever. So doing a training course once and you've got it for life. nlptrainingnow ... Rated: 2.9     Duration: 64 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Mon, 19 Mar 2012 11:49:22 PDT	Reflections on the USS Arizona Memorial Reflections on the USS Arizona Memorial Memorial" "Remembering the Pacific" "Remembering the USS Arizona" "Remembering Pearl Harbor" USS NPS " ... Rated: -1     Duration: 247 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Tue, 09 Nov 2010 19:56:00 PST	Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor - Home of the Brave Quilt Project 1/19/09 Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor - Home of the Brave Quilt Project 1/19/09 This is the live morning broadcast of Hawaii's KHON channel from Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor aired 1/19/09. Morning Reporter Manolo ... Rated: 4     Duration: 77 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Thu, 12 Mar 2009 01:01:33 PDT
Pearl Harbor-Bring Me To Life Pearl Harbor-Bring Me To Life READ THIS FIRST. **DISCLAIMER** The contents I use in this video were bought and belong to their respective owner.I have no intention of gaining ... Rated: 4.8298969     Duration: 237 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Wed, 15 Oct 2008 06:06:17 PDT	I Sank The West Virginia I Sank The West Virginia the memorials and the lasting impacts of the Pacific War. ... WWIIValor NPS ... ww2 stories wwII valor in the pacific national monument uss ... Rated: 4.8     Duration: 328 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Tue, 02 Aug 2011 14:08:55 PDT	Rudys Story Rudys Story WWIIValor NPS ... ww2 stories wwII valor in the pacific national monument uss arizona pearl harbor bombing december 1941 "Pearl Harbor" ... Rated: -1     Duration: 236 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Fri, 04 May 2012 13:13:56 PDT	Complete Pearl Harbor Tour: USS Arizona, USS Missouri, Ford Island Complete Pearl Harbor Tour: USS Arizona, USS Missouri, Ford Island A Day at Pearl Harbor Tour www.discoverhawaiitours.com Featuring: USS Arizona Memorial, USS Missouri Battleship, USS Bowfin Submarine, Ford Island ... Rated: 5     Duration: 224 seconds     Video type: YouTube     Hosted by: www.youtube.com on Mon, 08 Dec 2008 19:54:42 PST

After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in the Pacific and on the Home Front : Photo Gallery

WWII, D-Day | Before and After D-Day: Rare Color Photos From ... WWII, D-Day | Before and After D-Day: Rare Color Photos From ... After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in	USS Arizona | Pearl Harbor: Photos From the Pacific and the ... USS Arizona | Pearl Harbor: Photos From the Pacific and the ... After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in	Berlin, 1945: Dead City | Rare Photos: Hitler's Bunker, Captured ... Berlin, 1945: Dead City | Rare Photos: Hitler's Bunker, Captured ... LIFE Behind the Picture: The	USS Arizona | Pearl Harbor: Photos From the Pacific and the ... USS Arizona | Pearl Harbor: Photos From the Pacific and the ... focused on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor - TIME - News, pictures, quotes, archive Pearl Harbor - TIME - News, pictures, quotes, archive After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in	A Date Which Will Live in Infamy: Pearl Harbor (Picture Essay of ... A Date Which Will Live in Infamy: Pearl Harbor (Picture Essay of ... The attack on Pearl Harbor was	Star Wars: Boba Fett--Man With A Mission By: Thomas Andrews, Ron ... Star Wars: Boba Fett--Man With A Mission By: Thomas Andrews, Ron ... Pacific: From Pearl Harbor	Today in History: December 7 Today in History: December 7 Pearl Harbor Bombed!
Buchenwald 1945 | The Liberation of Buchenwald: The Story Behind ... Buchenwald 1945 | The Liberation of Buchenwald: The Story Behind ... LIFE photographer Margaret	Life in the Land of the Long White Cloud: The Guns of Wellington Life in the Land of the Long White Cloud: The Guns of Wellington But with the Pacific becoming	World War II. Oral Histories. Thomas; Mann; Kielszek ... World War II. Oral Histories. Thomas; Mann; Kielszek ... be another Pearl Harbor,	World War II — The Home Front World War II — The Home Front World War II — The Home Front
The China Film”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek in Hollywood The China Film”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek in Hollywood In 1943 Selznick was at home,	The 70th Anniversary of the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor | The ... The 70th Anniversary of the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor | The ... Pearl Harbor	Terrance this is stupid stuff: Pearl Harbor and FDR Terrance this is stupid stuff: Pearl Harbor and FDR My mom, on the home front,	Pearl Harbor: The Waking of a Giant | VAntage Point Pearl Harbor: The Waking of a Giant | VAntage Point Hawaii's Pearl Harbor—home
AFTER PEARL HARBOR: LIFE IN THE PACIFIC AND ON THE HOME FRONT AFTER PEARL HARBOR: LIFE IN THE PACIFIC AND ON THE HOME FRONT President Franklin Roosevelt declared December 7, 1941 — when Japan launched more than 350 fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii — a “date which will live in infamy.” In fact, that Sunday morning ...	A Wahoo link to overlooked Battle of Wake Island A Wahoo link to overlooked Battle of Wake Island 7, 1941, when a Nebraskan a long way from home started to live his own personal day of infamy. John Dolezal wasn't anywhere near Pearl Harbor, and he was barely in the military; his paperwork to join the Marines as a reservist hadn't even reached ...	How the Pearl Harbor attack still shapes America How the Pearl Harbor attack still shapes America When we returned home, my mother met us at the front door. "The Japanese have bombed Pearl Harbor," she told us. "We're at war." Dad, charcteristically, said "Maybe now we'll take out Hitler." (Dad hated Hitler for occupying his native Netherlands and ...	Pearl Harbor bombing changed life for then 16-year-old Golden Pearl Harbor bombing changed life for then 16-year-old Golden Growing up on a farm at Old Walnut Ridge, he says he had no idea where Hawaii was, nor Pearl Harbor. "We just ... The job of the tractors was to carry troops and supplies from ship to shore and to carry supplies and ammunition to the troops on the ...
Hicks: Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman working on recociliation Hicks: Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman working on recociliation 1941: Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Navy base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as part of its plan to conquer Southeast Asian territories; the raid, which claimed some 2,400 American lives, prompted the United States to declare war against ...	From Pearl Harbor to the Phillipines: “We learned real quick what war was like.” From Pearl Harbor to the Phillipines: “We learned real quick what war was like.” What led Beadles, a Kentucky farm boy, to this hellish scene of explosions, screams and blood began 71 years ago today, when the Japanese rained bombs upon Pearl Harbor, killing more than 2,400 Americans, wounding almost 1,300 and ensuring the United ...	Not to be forgotten Not to be forgotten “It was the trip of a lifetime, one of the heights of glory in my life,” Nielsen said. Jim Rumelhart, 87, who spent 125 days on the front lines in France and Germany, threw out the first pitch of a Salem-Keizer baseball game on the Fourth of July. In ...	PEARL HARBOR: A day that will live in infamy PEARL HARBOR: A day that will live in infamy We were expected to come back from Long Beach, which was our home port, and President Roosevelt decided that with all the problems we were having with the Japs -- and I know it isn't politically correct to call them "Japs" but they did a few things ...
Events calendar Events calendar 29 in front of Macy's at Del Monte Center, Highway 1 and Munras Avenue, Monterey. Coats of all ... Wednesdays at Chataqua Hall, 17th and Central avenues, Pacific Grove. .... Outdoor re-creation of the town of Bethlehem is complete with Mary and Joseph ...	L-3 Communications Holdings Inc. - Shareholder/Analyst Call L-3 Communications Holdings Inc. - Shareholder/Analyst Call You hear about the shift to the Pacific because of China and because of other problems over there. Africa has 14 ..... So the question that Secretary raises is combine a terrorist attack with one of these cyber actions, and you're going to have cyber ...	Scranton resident Michael Cutri found enough adventure at sea in WWII to last ... Scranton resident Michael Cutri found enough adventure at sea in WWII to last ... During the Second World War, the West Scranton resident spent more than two years in the Pacific aboard the naval destroyer USS Dashiell. All told ... Mr. Cutri was 18 when he joined the Navy in December 1942, a year after the Japanese attack on Pearl ...	Twilight's last gleaming Twilight's last gleaming At 19, Ralph Fenwick landed on the shores of Japan's southernmost island at what would become World War II's worst battle in the Pacific. It was April 1 — April ... 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, it seems a fitting time to reflect on the ...
What's Happening in Oroville What's Happening in Oroville The National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day 71st Anniversary will be observed Friday, Dec. 7 by survivors of the 1941 ... The Chili and Hot Chocolate event will be from 4-8 p.m., after the parade, and will include live music. Chili will be $3 a bowl and ...	Q&A: Gordon Naccarato of Pacific Grill Q&A: Gordon Naccarato of Pacific Grill The following excerpts are from a series of e-mail interviews with Naccarato, who not only owns Pacific Grill with business partner Joe Hardwick Jr., but has collaborated on a number of projects with his brother Steve Naccarato. .... To this day the ...	A 'Radio Days' House Survives the Hurricane A 'Radio Days' House Survives the Hurricane (In another scene, Mia Farrow's character asks: “Who is Pearl Harbor?”) “I think 'Radio Days' is one of his best films,” Ms. Quinby said of Mr. Allen. “And I thought that even before we bought the house. Jennifer Callahan, the director of a documentary ...	Hark! Our holiday events guide is here Hark! Our holiday events guide is here Santa's Village Holiday Carnival, featuring live entertainment, Santa, carnival games, crafts, inflatables, and food and vendor booths, will take place 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the center. Free. ... Homes for the Holidays: The Meadowlark Service League ...

After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in the Pacific and on the Home Front : Latest News, Information, Answers and Websites

Could you possibly give me a quick summary of what happened in WW2?

Answer: From who's point of view? Nazis invade Poland and other neighbors. Imperial Japanese invade China and other neighbors. Mussolini does some stuff too. US sends aid but largely stays uninvolved. Japan attempts to cripple US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor but Aircraft Carriers are at sea. US gets into the fight officially. Employs Win/Hold Win strategy. Basically win in Europe then win in the Pacific. US and allies fight in Africa, Italy then beachhead in Normandy. Meanwhile, old man winter and the USSR batters the Nazis on the Eastern Front. The Nazis retreat back to Germany pursued by the Red Army. Hitler finds himself pinched between The USA, UK, and other allies on the West and Stalin's forces on the East. He's screwed. Kills himself. Germany surrenders The Japanese are pushed back past Okinawa onto their home island. They are not going to surrender and it is apparent that every last man woman and child will defend Japan. It will be brutal and cost countless lives on both sides. Millions. Atomic bombs are dropped. Imperial Japan surrenders A LOT more than that happened, but that's kind of the gist of it.
Category: History

What is World War II? the break down of it? (world war two)?

how did it impact australia and the world? how did world war two break out? who was involved? key people? significiant events? how did the conflict end? anything please? any sites i can get information from?
Answer: 1941 was a fine time to be an American. Cars were curvy, movies in black and white, cigarettes were not considered bad for you, and war was simply thought of as a battle of good and evil. The good times came to a stop when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the year ended with a shrill shock of "infamy" and death. This event brought Americans into World War Two. World War Two was fought in two major places, the Pacific and in Europe. The war in Europe began when the German Army invaded Czechoslovakia on March 15, 1939. The Japanese became allies with Germany in the war and began military aggression, creating a war front in the Pacific. The European conflict ended six years later, when General Alfred Jodl signed the official surrender of Nazi Germany on May 8, 1945. Winston Churchill immediately announced that this day would be a national holiday known as Victory in Europe (VE) Day. Later, the war ended with Victory over Japan (VJ) on September 2, 1945 when Douglas McArthur accepted Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay. World War II affected Arizona in many ways. There were military bases established, such as Davis-Monthan, Luke Field, Williams Field, and others that helped sustain the war effort in the Pacific. "All Arizona became an armed camp between 1940 -1946", writes Dean Smith in Arizona Goes To War. Williams Field was established, named in honor of Charles Linton Williams, an Arizona-born pilot. In January 1948 Williams Field was designated as Williams Air Force Base (WAFB). This base became the best place to train pilots, graduating more student pilots and instructors than any other base in the country. In fact, many of the soldiers stationed in these places made a life in Arizona and became Arizonians. The war also brought other nationalities to Arizona such as Britain, Austria, China and some other nations. Native Americans from Arizona participated in the war as well, some as code talkers. Ninety-nine percent of Native Americans registered with selective service by 1942. This was the largest ethnic group to make a per capita contribution to wartime service. Prisoner of War (POW) camps were established, and brought many people to Arizona as well. On June 1, 1945 there were 16,844 POWs reported in 18 POW camps in Arizona. Two of the major camps were in Florence and one in Papago Park. Many POWs felt fortunate to be in Arizona rather than in the trenches of war. Japanese Americans have few good memories of WWII because of the racism they experienced during that time. The Japanese Americans were expelled from certain states because they were considered a threat to America because their loyalty was in question. Japanese internment camps were established in several states, two main camps located in Arizona. One of these camps was the Gila River Internment Camp, located on the Gila River Indian Reservation. Despite their traumatic experience, the camp residents contributed to the war effort. Their contributions ranged from cooperating with government orders, helping make the camps self-sufficient as possible, and working in war-related industries established within the camps, to joining the armed services and women's auxiliary corps when possible. Americans were all affected by the war on the home front. Everyone was urged to conserve metal and cloth to make things like uniforms and bombshells for the war. The federal government also compelled Americans to cut back on foodstuffs and consumer goods. People needed ration cards to purchase items such as gasoline, coffee, sugar, and meat. Many Americans were frustrated by this concept because for the first time in years they had money to spend but there was little available for purchase. World War II changed the way women were viewed in the workforce and in the military. Because of the shortage of men due to the war, women were thrust into the workforce in which inevitably changed their roles in the workplace forever. Over 6 million women took jobs for the first time during WWII, a 57 percent rise in working women. They began working in blue collar jobs, previously available only to men. As many as 2 million women entered defense plants making airplane frames, engines, propellers, parachutes, gas masks, and electrical equipment. These women worked long hours only to go home and cook and clean for their family. The American media nicknamed these women "Rosie the Riveter". The war also had jobs available to women to work in the war itself. These women played an active role in the war in journalism, and some were secret agents. Although women's lives were changing on the home front, they were also changing in the military as well. More than 350,000 women served during the war, most of them nurses or doing clerical and support work. There were five major branches that women served in, including SPARS, WAVES, WASPS, WAACs, and WACs. The SPARS, (Semper Paratus "Always Prepared") were the women coast guard, created in November of 1942. Accepted on the same basis as male reservists, they served in a variety of ways to release men for the front lines. The WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) were women that served in the Navy and Marines. The WAVES were formed on July 30, 1942 and as many as 100,000 women served as WAVES throughout the remainder of the war. In the WASPS, Women's Air force Service Pilots, women flew planes just as the men did. Unlike other military occupations for women, WASPS had to have a pilot's license, and volunteer for a six month training program. There were so many women applying for the air force, that many were not accommodated. In 1944 the WASPS were disbanded and it was not until 1977 that 1074 WASPS achieved veteran status. The WAACS (Women's Army Auxiliary Corps) were established on May 15, 1942. Although they were part of the military they only gained partial military status, which enabled them to receive the same legal protection and benefits as men. On July 1, 1943, Congress abolished the WAAC and in turn formed the WAC (Women's Army Corp), which granted women the same pay and rank titles as male reservists. These women served in many positions that normally men would do. One example of service is the story of the late Solange (Sally) M. Cloutier Grambley of Massachusetts. Mrs. Grambley enlisted in the Women's Auxiliary Army Corp on September 1, 1943. She was discharged at Camp Beale, CA on November 19, 1945 as a ranking Sergeant in the US Army Air Force. While she served as a WAAC at Williams Air Force Base she serviced AT 6 and BT-13 aircraft, drove an F-2 fuel truck driver, and operated special equipment as a Corporal. She received the Good Conduct Metal, American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, and WAAC Service Ribbon. Mrs. Grambley's story reveals how valuable women were to the military during WWII, with their extreme dedication and duty to the United States of America. World War II transformed women's roles in the workplace and society, but for many it did not last forever. After the war had come to an end, many women left industrial work and military service and readjusted back to home life. With the men returning home to their jobs, the need for women's labor diminished, and without turning back, "Rosie the Riveter" became an icon in history. The women who served in WWII, whether it be on the home front or in the military, should always be remembered as valuable participants in the United States victory. There's an overview from http://eportg.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/h/is/history201-ww2/home/4/ In short from me: 1. Germany invaded Poland which the Allies had a Mutual Defence treaty with and therefore were forced into going to war to defend Poland. 2. The Main participants were, on the Allies; Britain, France, USA and later Russia. On the Axis Powers there was Nazi Germany, Facist Italy, Communist Russia to begin with, and Imperial Japan. 3. He key people on the Allies were the 'Big Three'; Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. 4. 22nd June France Falls to the German Blitzkrieg. 7th December Japan attacks US Naval Base of Pearl Harbour bringing the USA into the war. German forces surrendered in Italy on April 29th and Germany itself surrendered on May 7. Hope that helps. :]
Category: History

Did God gave me Aspergers Syndrome?

I have just received the report from the Psychiatrist that I have Aspergers Syndrome. When I found out the truth, I feel as if the world has come crashing down on me. It is true that I have Aspergers Syndrome because I have all of the following symptoms: 1. Learning difficulties - Everything I learn be it academic, work life, music, games, people have to teach me 9 times before my brain is able to understand, analyze and absorb the information. 2. Not able to communicate with people well 3. Prefers to be alone - I do not like to be with a group of people because when I am surrounded by a group, I feel very uncomfortable and uneasy. 4. Social Outcast and a Loner - Because of my unique and unusual Passion, Beliefs and Music. 5. Unique Passion, Beliefs and Music - They are unique and unusual because: 1. Passion: History of England – The Middle Ages, Tudor England, Stuart England, The English Civil War, The American Revolutionary War, Home front in Britain during WWII & Children of WWII History of America – Life in Colonial America, The 13 Colonies, The American Revolutionary War and The American Civil War History of Ancient China - Prehistory, Warring States and Qin Dynasty British Military in Singapore - Underground bunkers, Gun Batteries, Artillery guns, Forts, Machine Gun posts, Pillboxes and Secret Tunnels build by the British Military, WWII – WWII in Europe, Battle of Britain, D-Day Invasion, The Holocaust, Pearl Harbour Attack, WWII in the Pacific, American troops in the Pacific and Europe 2. Beliefs: Mysteries: Bermuda Triangle, Stonehenge, Easter Island, The Mayans, Mysterious places of the World, Strange Monuments of the World, Strange Pyramids of the World, Lost Civilizations, Cities of the Underworld, Underwater Cities, Unexplained & Unsolved mysteries and Phenomenon, Portal (gateway) to other Dimensions (another world) Ancient Mysteries: Standing Stones & Spheres in Orkney Islands, Scandinavia, Carnac (Brittany; France), Mystery Hill in the north of Boston, Stone globes in Diquis Delta of Costa Rica, Stonehenge & Avebury, Sacsayhuaman and Easter Island. Lost Lands and Secrets: Lyonesse (off the Scilly isles), Atland (off the Netherlands), Atlantis, Thera (volcanic island near Crete), Lemuria, Shangri-La, Centre of the Earth, Crop Circles and Time travel. Lost Civilizations: Atlantis, Crete, Lemuria, the Minoans, the Aztecs, Incas and the Mayans Disappearances: Bermuda Triangle, Mary Celeste, the mystery of Devil’s Bridge, Missing at Sea, Land and Air. Lake Monsters: Loch Ness Monster, Sea Serpents and Lake Monsters, Mokele, Mbembe, Mysteries of Water Monsters, UFOs & Aliens Extra Sensory Perception: 6th Sense (also called ESP), Déjà vu, Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Clairsentience, Clairaudience, Premonitions, Dreams, Precognition, Recognition, Telekinesis, Ability to see Ghosts, Near-death experiences, Out-of-Body experiences, Psychics, Fortune Telling and Crystals. Paranormal: The Supernatural, The Afterlife, Ghosts, Hauntings - "Haunted Houses, Castles, Hotels, Hospitals, Schools, Places, Hospitals, Battlefields, Highway, Roads ", Spirituality: Fairies, Pixies, Elves, Dragons, Unicorns 3. Music: American Revolution songs, Baroque Music, Middle Ages Music, Renaissance Music, Operas, Hooked on Swing Dancing, An Irish Party in Third Class, 1930s and 1940s song. 4. Favourite Hangouts: Museums, WWII, Heritage and Historical sites. Although I have Aspergers Syndrome, however I am not Autistic because I can feel the emotions of other people. I really wonder, did God gave me Aspergers Syndrome? Should I blame God for giving me this curse?
Answer: My bright brilliant & beautiful daughter has Aspergers - & frankly I am privileged every seconds I spend with her. Aspies see the world differently to the Neo-typicalls & frankly I think the world is a lot better because of it. It's only a curse for those who chose to see it that way. You have a talent - use it. .
Category: Religion & Spirituality

15 most important events in farewell to manzanar?

I need the 15 most important events in this book! also a 20 word sentence to go with it describing it? please help me .
Answer: 1. Ko Wakatsuki, Jeanne's father, emigrated from Japan to Honolulu, Hawaii and then to Idaho, running away with his wife and abandoning his family. Stubborn and proud, he did not cope well with his isolation, and regularly drank and abused his family. 2. Woody, Jeanne's brother, wants to preserve his family's honor by joining the U.S. Army. After joining and fighting in the Pacific Theater, 3. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Jeanne Wakatsuki says farewell to Papa’s sardine fleet at San Pedro Harbor in California. By the time the boats return, news reaches the family that the Japanese have bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Papa burns his Japanese flag and identity papers but is arrested by the FBI and brutally beaten when taken to the jail. Mama moves the family to the Japanese ghetto on Terminal Island and then to Boyle Heights in Los Angeles. 4. Upon arriving in the camp, the Japanese Americans find cramped living conditions, badly prepared food, unfinished barracks, and swirling dust that blows in through every crack and knothole. 5. Papa is arrested and returns a year later. He has been at Fort Lincoln detention camp. The family is unsure how to greet him. Only Jeanne welcomes him openly. Jeanne has always admired Papa, who left his samurai family in Japan to protest the declining social status of the samurai. She looks back fondly on the style with which he has always conducted himself, from his courting of Mama to his virtuoso pig carving. 6. The frustration of the other men in camp eventually results in an event called the December Riot, which breaks out after three men are arrested for beating a man suspected of helping the U.S. government. The rioters roam the camp searching for inu, a word that means both “dog” and “traitor” in Japanese. 7. After the riots, camp life calms down and the Wakatsuki family moves to a nicer barracks near a pear orchard, where Papa takes up gardening. Manzanar itself begins to resemble a typical American town. 8. By the end of 1944, the number of people at Manzanar dwindles as men are drafted and families take advantage of the government’s new policy of relocating families away from the west coast. Woody is drafted and, despite Papa’s protests, leaves in November to join the famous all-Nisei 442nd Combat Regiment. 9. In Long Beach, the Wakatsukis move into a housing project called Cabrillo Homes. Though they fear public hatred, they see little sign of it. On the first day of sixth grade, however, a girl in Jeanne’s class is amazed at Jeanne’s ability to speak English, which makes Jeanne realize that prejudice is not always open and direct. She later becomes close friends with the girl, Radine, who lives in the same housing project. 10. Jeanne retreats into herself and nearly drops out of school, but when Papa moves the family to San Jose to take up berry farming, she decides to make another attempt at school life. 11. Her homeroom nominates her to be queen of the school’s annual spring carnival, and for the election assembly she leaves her hair loose and wears an exotic sarong. The teachers try to prevent her from winning, but her friend Leonard Rodriguez uncovers the teachers’ plot and ensures her victory. 12. Papa is furious that Jeanne has won the election by flaunting her sexuality in front of American boys. He forces her to take Japanese dance lessons, but she stops taking them after a short time. As a compromise, she wears a conservative dress to the coronation ceremony, but the crowd’s muttering makes her realize that neither the exotic sarong nor the conservative dress represents her true self. 13. In April 1972, much later in life, Jeanne visits the Manzanar site with her husband and three children. She needs to remind herself that the camp actually existed, because over the years she has begun to think she imagined the whole thing. 14. Walking through the ruins, the sounds and images of the camp come back to her. Seeing her eleven-year-old daughter, Jeanne realizes that her life began at the camp just as her father’s life ended there. 15. She recalls Papa driving crazily through camp before leaving with his family, and she finally understands his stubborn pride.
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Pearl Harbor — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts

The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare ... During World War II every aspect of American life was impacted, from ... the South Pacific: the Dutch East Indies, for instance, or Singapore or Indochina. ... so close to home, the naval facilities at Pearl Harbor were relatively undefended.

Pearl Harbor

For most Americans, news of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor came as an ... Blue and Red Networks) relied on stringers from local affiliates for news from the Pacific. ... After confirming the initial bulletin with the government, the major networks ... to the studio to memorialize the sneak attack and rally the home front.

LIFE History | Pictures of WWII, Civil Rights, Vietnam, More | LIFE.com

After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in the Pacific and on the Homefront · Training with gas masks in Hawaii, early 1942. History. '40s. William C. Shrout—Time & Life ...

Victoria Advocate | Veteran recalls how Pearl Harbor changed his life

In 2009, the Advocate featured Pearl Harbor survivor Ray Wiese, of Shiner, and William Lockey, of Victoria, in 2008. Survivor D.D. Hill, of El Campo, has also been written about in past years. Here are some of the more ...

After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in the Pacific and on the Homefront ...

President Franklin Roosevelt declared December 7, 1941 — when Japan launched more than 350 fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii — a “date which will live in ...

Vague history question, easy two points. 10 points for the most detailed?

Tell me what you know of society during the 1940s here in America. I dont care what the info is, just as long as it can be backed by a text book Im cool with it. Thanks PS~ could you also site references (books or websites) that would give me this kind of information. Please keep it reputable.
Answer: 1940 - 1949 The 1940's were dominated by World War II. European artists and intellectuals fled Hitler and the Holocaust, bringing new ideas created in disillusionment. War production pulled us out of the Great Depression. Women were needed to replace men who had gone off to war, and so the first great exodus of women from the home to the workplace began. Rationing affected the food we ate, the clothes we wore, the toys with which children played. After the war, the men returned, having seen the rest of the world. No longer was the family farm an ideal; no longer would blacks accept lesser status. The GI Bill allowed more men than ever before to get a college education. Women had to give up their jobs to the returning men, but they had tasted independence. FACTS about this decade. Population 132,122,000 Unemployed in 1940 - 8,120,000 National Debt $43 Billion Average Salary $1,299. Teacher's salary $1,441 Minimum Wage $.43 per hour 55% of U.S. homes have indoor plumbing Antarctica is discovered to be a continent Life expectancy 68.2 female, 60.8 male Auto deaths 34,500 Supreme Court decides blacks do have a right to vote World War II changed the order of world power, the United States and the USSR became super powers Cold War begins. The purpose of this web / library guide is to help the user gain a broad understanding and appreciation for the culture and history of the 1940-1949 period in American history. In a very small way, this is a bibliographic essay. To see the whole picture, we encourage users to browse all the way through this page (and the other decades as they come online) and then visit the suggested links for more information on the decade. As you can see, the best way to immerse oneself in a topic is to use both Internet and the library. Some information is best viewed or read in books. This is where the real depth of information can be found. Then there is information that will be found only on the Internet. If you can add a valuable site or information to this page, we invite you to write. Thanks for the visit. ENJOY! The forties are pretty well defined by World War II. US isolationism was shattered by the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. As President Franklin D. Roosevelt guided the country on the homefront, Dwight D. Eisenhower commanded the troops in Europe. Gen. Douglas MacArthur and Adm. Chester Nimitz led them in the Pacific. The successful use of penicillin by 1941 revolutionized medicine. Developed first to help the military personnel survive war wounds, it also helped increase survival rates for surgery. The first eye bank was established at New York Hospital in 1944. Unemployment almost disappeared, as most men were drafted and sent off to war. The government reclassified 55% of their jobs, allowing women and blacks to fill them. First, single women were actively recruited to the workforce. In 1943, with virtually all the single women employed, married women were allowed to work. Japanese immigrants and their descendants, suspected of loyalty to their homelands, were sent to internment camps. There were scrap drives for steel, tin, paper and rubber. These were a source of supplies and gave people a means of supporting the war effort. Automobile production ceased in 1942, and rationing of food supplies began in 1943. Victory gardens were re-instituted and supplied 40% of the vegetables consumed on the home front. In April, 1945, FDR died, and President Harry Truman celebrated V-E Day on May 8, 1945. Japan surrendered only after two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States emerged from World War II as a world superpower, challenged only by the USSR. While the USSR subjugated the defeated countries, the US implemented the Marshall Plan, helping war-torn countries to rebuild and rejoin the world economy. Disputes over ideology and control led to the Cold War. Communism was treated as a contagious disease, and anyone who had contact with it was under suspicion. Alger Hiss, a former hero of the New Deal, was indicted as a traitor and the House Un-American Activities Committee began its infamous hearings. Returning GI's created the baby boom, which is still having repercussions on American society today. Although there were rumors, it was only after the war ended that Americans learned the extent of the Holocaust. Realization of the power of prejudice helped lead to Civil Rights reforms over the next three decades. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, commonly known as the GI Bill of Rights, entitled returning soldiers to a college education. In 1949, three times as many college degrees were conferred as in 1940. College became available to the capable rather than the privileged few. Television made its debut at the 1939 World Fair, but the war interrupted further development. In 1947, commercial television with 13 stations became available to the public. Computers were developed during the early forties. The digital computer, named ENIAC, weighing 30 tons and standing two stories high, was completed in 1945. WEB SITES American History 1860 to the present | Kingwood College History Page for this period. World War II | Historical text archive. Historical Atlas of the 20th Century | Collection of maps and stats of the 20th century. Biography Index | Biographies of over 25,000 famous persons, from the History Channel. Genealogy Guide | Helpful in locating past people, places and events. BOOKS REF E18.5.U75 Timetables of American History Include history and politics, the arts, science and technology, and other information of interest. REF E178.5.A48 Album of American History Vol V and VI This is a great book to give the reader the real flavor of the decade because it is made up of photographs, captions, and brief entries. REF E174.D62 Dictionary of American History From very brief to multi-page signed entries on topics in American history. REF E740.7 .E53 Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century Articles evaluating the trends in American politics, people, economics, culture. REF E169.1 A471872 America in the 20th Century 1940-1949 is covered in volume 5. Information is readable and concise, covering the War, the homefront, labor and the arts. REF E173.A793 The Annals of America Use volume 16. Set contains essays and excepts from important writers and on important topics of the time. Most valuable for this research. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ART & ARCHITECTURE As Adolf Hitler systematically eliminated artists whose ideals didn't agree with his own, many emigrated to the United States, where they had a profound effect on American artists. The center of the western art world shifted from Paris to New York. To show the raw emotions, art became more abstract. Abstract Expressionism, also known as the New York School, was chaotic and shocking in an attempt to maintain humanity in the face of insanity. Jackson Pollock was the leading force in abstract expressionism, but many others were also influential, including Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, Ad Reinhardt, Robert Motherwell, Lee Krasner, Franz Kline, Piet Mondrian, Arshile Gorky, Adolf Gottlieb, and Hans Hofmann. Andrew Wyeth, the most popular of American artists, didn't fit in any movement. His most popular work, Christina's World, was painted in 1948. Sculpture, too, became abstract and primitive, utilizing motion in Alexander Calder's mobiles, and modern materials such as steel and "found objects" rather than the traditional marble and bronze. In architecture, nonessentials were eliminated, and simplicity became the key element. In some cases, such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's famous glass house, even practicality was ignored. Modern glass-and-steel office buildings began to rise after the war ended. Pietro Belluschi designed the prototype Equitable Savings and Loan building, a "skyscraper" of twelve stories. Eliel Saarinen utilized contemporary design, particularly in churches. The dream home remained a Cape Cod. After the war, suburbs, typified by Levittown, with their tract homes and uniformity, sprang up to house returning GI's and their new families. The average home was a one level Ranch House, a collection of previously unaffordable appliances surrounded by minimal living space. The family lawn became the crowning glory and symbol of pride in ownership. WEB SITES Skyscrapers | A look at some of the skyscrapers in New York City. While not necessarily designed in the 1940's, they are a result of the 1940's innovations. Twentieth Century Art Links | Worldwide Great Buildings Online | Important architecture of the 1940s. Descriptions included. BOOKS NA712 .L 20th Century American Archicture Photographs and descriptions of the key buildings of the era. NA6512 .A578 American Artists Brief entries and representational pictures of the artists' work. ND213.5 .R4 W36 American Realist Painting 1945-1980 Post-war trends REF N6490 .O94 Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Art Medium length entries on the major artists of the century, worldwide. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MUSIC & RADIO Like art, music reflected American enthusiasm tempered with European disillusionment. While the European émigrés Bueno Walter, George Szell, Bela Bartok, Arnold Schoenberg, Paul Hindemith, Kurt Weill, and Nadia Boulanger introduced classical dissonance, American born composers remained more traditional, with Aaron Copland's Rodeo (1942) and Appalachian Spring (1944). William Schuman wrote his symphonies #3(1941) through #7(1949). At the beginning of the decade, Big Bands dominated popular music. Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman led some of the more famous bands. Eventually, many of the singers with the Big Bands struck out on their own. Bing Crosby's smooth voice made him one of the most popular singers, vying with Frank Sinatra. Dinah Shore, Kate Smith and Perry Como also led the hit parade. Be-Bop and Rhythm and Blues, grew out of the big band era toward the end of the decade. Although these were distinctly black sounds, epitomized by Charlie Parker, Dizzie Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, Billy Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald and Woody Herman.Radio was the lifeline for Americans in the 1940's, providing news, music and entertainment, much like television today. Programming included soap operas, quiz shows, children's hours, mystery stories, fine drama, and sports. Kate Smith and Arthur Godfrey were popular radio hosts. The government relied heavily on radio for propaganda. Like the movies, radio faded in popularity as television became prominent. Many of the most popular radio shows continued on in television, including Red Skelton, Abbott and Costello, Jack Benny, Bob Hope, and Truth or Consequences. WEB SITES American Popular Music 1900-1950 | A look at the music and the times. Lyrics Database | 61,000 song lyrics. Search by keyword. Music in the Public Domain | Includes song lists - with links to some lyrics. History of Radio | Arranged chronologically. BOOKS REF ML200.H15 A Chronicle of American Music 1700-1995 Arranged by year, historical highlights, world cultural highlights, American art and literature, music - commercial and cultural. REF ML197.S634 Music Since 1900 Arranged by day, includes important premiers and musical events. REF ML128.S37L4 The Great American Song Thesaurus Arranged by year, summary of world and musical events, list of important songs. REF ML390.S983 Show Tunes 1905-1985 Features important composers. Lists their shows and the published music for each show. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOOKS & LITERATURE The decade opened with the appearance of the first inexpensive paperback. Book clubs proliferated, and book sales went from one million to over twelve million volumes a year. Many important literary works were conceived during, or based on, this time period, but published later. Thus, it took a while for the horror of war and the atrocities of prejudice to come forth. Shirley Jackson wrote The Lottery to demonstrate how perfectly normal, otherwise nice people, could allow something like the Holocaust. In The Human Comedy, William Saroyan tackles questions of prejudice against the setting of World War II. Richard Wright completed Native Son in 1940 and Black Boy in 1945, earning acclaim, but government persecution over his communist affiliation sent him to Paris in 1945. Nonfiction writing proliferated, giving first-hand accounts of the war. The first edition of Dr. Benjamin Spock's Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care is considered by some to have changed child rearing. Books That Define the Time Norman Mailer's The Naked and the Dead Irving Shaw's Young Lions John Hershey's A Bell for Adano William Saroyan's The Human Comedy Richard Wright's Black Boy Dr. Spock's Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care Books About Books REF PN50 .L574 Literature and its Times Examines literature in light of the events and prejudices of the day. Vol. 4 covers works about, but not necessarily written during, the forties. REF PS21 M34 Magills Survery of American Literature Gives author background and a synopsis of significant works, including those listed as "defining the time." REF PS221 .T835 Twentieth Century American Literature An 8 volume set with long essays and criticism of twentieth century works. REF Z1219.C96 1905 (annual) Book Review Digest Indexes and abstracts book reviews. Use it to find books written during the period and their reviews PS350 .A53 American Playwrights since 1945 Gives an overview of each playwright's life and works, including criticism. REF PS92 .R67 A Chronological Outline of American Literature Lists major works by date. Use this list as an index to Twentieth Century and Magill's Survey to locate works written during this decade. Children's Book Award winners of the forties: Newbery Award Winners - Began in 1922 (award for the most distinguished child's book of the previous year) 1940: Daniel Boone by James Daugherty 1941: Call It Courage by Armstrong Sperry 1942: The Matchlock Gun by Walter Edmonds 1943: Adam of the Road by Elizabeth Janet Gray 1944: Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes 1945: Rabbit Hill by Robert Lawson 1946: Strawberry Girl by Lois Lenski 1947: Miss Hickory by Carolyn Sherwin Bailey 1948: The Twenty-One Balloons by William Pène du Bois 1949: King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry Caldecott Award Winners - Began in 1938 (award for the most distinguished child's picture book of the previous year) 1940: Abraham Lincoln by Ingri & Edgar Parin d'Aulaire 1941: They Were Strong and Good, by Robert Lawson 1942: Make Way for Ducklings by Robert McCloskey 1943: The Little House by Virginia Lee Burton 1944: Many Moons, illustrated by Louis Slobodkin; text: James Thurber 1945: Prayer for a Child, illustrated by Elizabeth Orton Jones; text: Rachel Field 1946: The Rooster Crows by Maude & Miska Petersham 1947: The Little Island, illustrated by Leonard Weisgard; text: Golden MacDonald, pseud. [Margaret Wise Brown] 1948: White Snow, Bright Snow, illustrated by Roger Duvoisin; text: Alvin Tresselt 1949: The Big Snow by Berta & Elmer Hader -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FADS In popular dancing, the Jitterbug made its appearance at the beginning of the decade. It was the first dance in two centuries that allowed individual expression. GI's took the dance overseas when they to war, dancing with local girls, barmaids, or even each other if necessary. Rosie the Riveter was the symbol of the working woman, as the men went off to war and the women were needed to work in the factories. GIs, however, preferred another symbol, the pin-up girl, such as Rita Hayworth or Betty Grable. Pictures were mounted on lockers and inside helmets to remind the men what they were fighting for. Wherever American soldiers went, even the first to arrive would find a picture of eyes and a nose, with the message, Kilroy was Here. After they returned, Kilroy began to mark his place on the walls and rocks of public places. More than one pregnant woman came into the delivery room with "Kilroy was here" painted on her belly. Working mothers, combined with another new phenomenon, the refrigerator, led to the invention of frozen dinners. With the advent of television later in the decade, they became known as TV Dinners. Tupperware and aluminum foil eased the postwar housewives' burden, and diners, originally horse drawn carriages with a couple of barstools, became a stationary, respectable staple of the postwar culture. The Slinky was invented by a ship inspector in 1945. Teenagers became a recognized force in the forties. With the men off to war, teenagers - boys and girls - found employment readily available, and so had money to spend. Seventeen magazine was established in 1944. Advertisement began to be aimed at teens. With fathers away and mothers at work, another new phenomenon arose - the juvenile delinquent. BOOKS REF E169.1.P19 Panati's Parade of Fads, Follies and Manias Arranged by decade, includes fads, dance crazes, radio, TV, popular books and songs. E 69.1.R7755 Mass Culture: The Popular Arts in America Important essays analyzing mass culture in American history. E169.12 .A418 Dictionary of Twentieth Century Culture: American Culture After World War II A timeline gives highlights by year. Entries average half a page and are about personalities, trends and groups. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FASHION The Zoot Suit was the height of fashion among daring young men until the War Production Department restricted the amount of fabric that could be used in men's garments. The same restrictions led to the popularity of the women's convertible suit, a jacket, short skirt, and blouse. The jacket could be shed for more formal attire at night. Silk stockings were unavailable, so, to give the illusion with stockings with their prominent seam, women would draw a line up the backs of their legs with an eyeliner. At work, as "Rosie the Riveter" took on a man's work, slacks became acceptable attire. When the war and it's restrictions ended, Christian Dior introduced the New Look, feminine dresses with long, full skirts, and tight waists. Comfortable, low-heeled shoes were forsaken for high heels. Hair was curled high on the head in front, and worn to the shoulders in the back, and make-up was socially acceptable. Glamorous Rita Hayworth made the sweater look popular. It took time to put the New Look together, time the women now had as the men returned to their jobs in the factories and offices. WEB SITES Solemates: Century in Shoes | Shoe styles and other fashion trends of the 1940's. Includes film clips. Vintage Blues - History of Fashion 1940-1950 The Costume Gallery - Women's Fashions 1940's BOOKS GT615 .H86 The Way We Were: Styles of the 1930's and 1940's Clothing of the decade worn on screen by actress Marsha Hunt. Hairstyles and hats are also featured. GT605.W5 GT605.W5 Five Centuries of American Costume Chapter 9 discusses the dress of men and women from 1940-1949. Illustrations included. GT605.H35 Common Threads: A Parade of American Clothing Includes an overview of the 20th century, then chapters on contributors to changes in fashion. It has photographs of people at work, in college, and at play. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THEATER and FILM The theater, too, turned to abstractionism. Thornton Wilder's The Skin of our Teeth (1942) was bizarre and difficult to understand but won the Pulitzer Prize. Tennessee Williams wrote of self-disillusionment and futility in the Glass Menagerie (1945) and Streetcar named Desire (1947). In contrast Musical Theater was reborn, with Agnes de Mille's technique of dancing in character in Oklahoma (1943). Carousel (1945), and Annie get your Gun (1946). The forties were the heyday for movies. The Office of War declared movies an essential industry for morale and propaganda. Most plots had a fairly narrow and predictable set of morals, and if Germans or Japanese were included, they were one-dimensional villains. Examples are Casablanca, Mrs. Miniver, Lifeboat, Notorious, Best Years of our Lives, Wake Island, Battle of Midway, Guadalcanal Diary, and Destination Tokyo. Citizen Kane, not fitting the template, was one of the masterpieces of the time. Leading actors were Gary Cooper, Humphrey Bogart, Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, Bette Davis, Marlene Dietrich, Joan Crawford, Judy Garland, Ginger Rogers, Jimmy Stewart, Marlon Brando, Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, Lana Turner. Walt Disney's career began to take off, with animated cartoons such as Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942). During the war years, the studio produced cartoons for the government, such as Donald gets Drafted (1942), Out of the Frying Pan into the Firing Line (1942) and Der Fuehrer's Face. The Emergency Committee of the Entertainment Industry, composed of both black and white actors, fought for better roles for blacks. Lena Horne, Hattie McDaniel, and Cab Calloway, among others, made small inroads. The boom years of movies faded with the advent of television in 1948. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TELEVISION At the end of the war, only 5,000 television sets, with five inch black & white screens, were in American homes. By 1951, 17 million had been sold. The Original Amateur Hour, a revival of a popular radio show, was the first top-rated show in 1948 . Milton Berle's slapstick comedy, Texaco Star Theater, was credited with creating the demand for televisions. Its greatest rival was Ed Sullivan's Toast of the Town. Kukla, Fran & Ollie kicked off children's television as Junior Jamboree in 1947, followed by the Howdy Doody Show. The sitcom made its appearance in January, 1949, with The Goldbergs. WEB SITES E-Online movies and stars Starbuzz: Guide to Stars Online Television History - The First 75 Years Movie Folio - Search for movie titles and summaries by year BOOKS REF PN2189.L85 Twentieth Century Theatre A theater buff's bible. This book lists and describes by year premiers, productions, revivals, events, births/death/debuts in both America and Great Britain. REF PN1992.18 .M874 Encyclopedia of Television Photographs and information about the stars and the shows. REF ML390.S983 Show Tunes: 1905-1985 Limited because it only covers only Richard Rodgers and Irving Berlin from this era. Worth a look for these two - because it lists plays, performances, theater information, and published songs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SPORTS World War II had its effect on sports as all able-bodied men between 18 and 26 were expected to serve in the military. Rubber went to the war effors; consequently, balls were soggy and unresponsive. Wood was in short supply, leading to a shortage of baseball bats and bowling pins. Even so, professional sports were encouraged to continue, to improve the morale of the troops. President Roosevelt signed the Green Light letter, supporting baseball. Baseball games were considered so important to troop morale that the Japanese tried to jam radio broadcasts. By 1943, half the baseball players had enlisted. Teams used older veterans and even a one-armed outfielder, Pete Gray of the St. Louis Browns. In the All-American Girls Baseball League, players wore dresses and had to attend charm school. After the war, television and easier transportation changed the face of American sports. In 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first black professional baseball player - in fact, the first black professional athlete outside of boxing. Baseball players negotiated for a minimum salary of $5500 a year. By 1950, the top earning player, Stan Musial, was making $50,000. Postwar baseball names included Ted Williams, Ralph Kiner and Joe DiMaggio. Before 1941 when two-platoon football was allowed, all eleven players on a football team played the entire game. Only injury was an excuse for substitution. That changed in 1941, when free subs were allowed, enabling weakened college teams to continue playing. Because of travel restrictions, the 1942 Army Navy game was played in Annapolis, and half the midshipmen were assigned to cheer for West Point. According to Bill Williams, a Navy midshipman, "We yelled the cheers and sang the songs but I don't remember being very energetic. Also when Navy scored I think we forgot whose side we were supposed to be on. I don't remember the score, but we won." The penalty flag, first used in 1941, became official in 1948. Elaborate playbooks were introduced by Paul Brown, turning football into a game of strategy. Some of the northern college football teams began to integrate blacks. Basketball was less affected by the war than other sports because a player's height often made him ineligible for military service. The Basketball Association of America formed in 1946, merged in 1949 with the National Basketball League to form the NBA. Joe Fulks of the Philadelphia Warriors had a record high score of 63 points in a game when most whole teams didn't score that high. The 1940's were the heyday of boxing. Boxing was big money, mainly because of gambling, and was ruled by gangland boxing czar Frankie Carbo. Joe Louis was the heavyweight champion from 1937 to 1948, in part because major boxing titles were frozen from 1941 to 1946 ad four thousand professional boxers joined the military. Louis not only enlisted, he donated over $100,000 to war relief efforts in 1942. Sugar Ray Robinson, Ike Williams and Willie Pep were other big names in boxing. The Indianopolis 500 was closed duirng the war and the racetrack deteriorated. In the first postwar race in 1946, twenty-four cars dropped out due to wrecks and mechanical difficulties. NASCAR, a stock car racing club that purportedly ran cars that you could buy from a dealer's showroom started the Grand Nationals in 1949. The Women's Professional Golf Association formed in 1946, and the Ladies Professional Golf Association in 1949. Babe Didriksen Zaharias and Patty Berg were the stars, with Byron Nelson the men's champion. Jack Kramer dominated men's tennis. WEB SITES Organization of American Historians - Baseball and World War II BOOKS REF GV861.12 .A2 P76 Professional Sports Team Histories Four volumes one each on baseball, football, basketball and hockey. The History of Big Bands in America Big bands were not new to American society during the 1930s. Its origins go back to black folk music of the 1800s. Back in the 1800s, this kind of music was referred to as ragtime. Ragtime was also known as the blues. The term "blues" stems from the fact that the lyrics of the songs were often sad, or were generally on the down side. Music gave the African American population of the time a means of escape from the pressure and stress from everyday life. Most music was either rooted in the blues style or religiously based. During the early 1900s, white artists trying to imitate this style of music started to incorporate it into their own music and came to call it jazz. The blues and jazz are often hard to distinguish and are considered closely related. (Encarta, 1997) It was slow to catch on at first but within a few years, it's popularity was astounding. Big Bands were present during the 1920s and the early 1930s, but not much attention was given to them. These bands included future legends like Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, and Louis Armstrong. Not much attention was given to them and the general public was generally interested in sweet pop music (Kinkle, xxxvii) The first person to actually revitalize and at the same time reintroduce jazz/ragtime to the public was jazz great, the King of Swing, Benny Goodman. Benny Goodman was on a national tour with his band in the fall of 1935 and had nearly given up hope about the band's future when on one of his supposed last stops in Los Angeles, he was received by a more than enthusiastic crowd at the Palomar Ballroom. This led to a national craze and within a matter of a few weeks, Benny Goodman went to the top of the charts. This also led to an increased interest in the already good bands led by Count Basie, Fats Weller, Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey (Kinkle, xxxvii). Many new artists made a name for themselves during this resurgence of jazz. Most of these artists were part of larger bands under great jazz musicians and they soon made a name for themselves. Among the most prominent of these people were Frank Sinatra, a twenty-something crooner who took young women's hearts in a snap with his boyish handsome looks and hopeless love songs, Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday. Of the three, Frank Sinatra went onto enjoy much success during the 1940s through today as a solo artist. Big band music was everywhere during the late 1930s - radio shows of the time would especially devote time to big band music - most of the time, the music would be broadcast live instead of through records. Shows like Your Hit Parade, a show that broadcast the number one song each week, generally had music from big bands as the number one song. This popularity led to issues of sponsorship and big companies came to back prominent artists like Benny Goodman and sponsoring shows that promoted big band artists music. (Smith, 56) Big Band music continued its popularity reign until the late 1940s when more pop-oriented music once again starting to gain a large audience. The original great band leaders, however, did not diminish in their popularity and they remain popular to this day. Big band music or jazz evolved into a genre referred to as 'bebop' or simply 'bop'. Leaders in this kind of music were Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk (Kinkle, xxxix) "This [shift] marked the end of what has since been termed the Big Band Era. It also ended a great half-century of music, years filled with enduring songs, great performances, talented artists." (Kinkle, x|) It is worthless to discuss fashion of the forties without first understanding the tremendous impact World War II had on everyday life during the early part of the decade. Social trends dictate fashion. World War II changed the world of fashion forever. On September 3, 1939 England and France declared war on Germany. On June 14, 1940 Paris fell to Germany. German occupation began controlling haute couture. During the war, the Germans seriously considered moving the French couture houses to Berlin and re-establishing the seat of haute couture in Berlin. Berlin would then be known as the fashion capital of the world. On September 3, 1940, the United States transferred destroyers to Great Britain. The United States officially entered World War II on December 8, 1941. Prior to World War II, New York fashion designers made the trek across the Atlantic Ocean to attend the flamboyant and opulent French fashion shows each year. They then returned to the United States and copied the latest Parisian haute couture designs. Once the Germans occupied Paris and the United States stationed battleships in the Atlantic Ocean, the New York designers were cut off from Paris haute couture. In their attempts to design new fashions for the United States market, they concentrated on sportswear. This led to the United States emerging as the sportswear capital of the world. In 1941, war goods manufacturing took center stage. The government confiscated all stock of natural fabrics, forcing domestic manufacturers to concentrate on substituting other fibers for domestic garments. The industry geared up rayon production. Nylon stockings disappeared in 1943. In an effort to comply with the restrictions imposed on them, American designers created a new style of suits for women. Skirts were short and straight topped by short jackets of twenty-five inches or less in length. Cardigans matched skirts and sheath evening dresses replaced the long flowing gowns of the thirties. McCalls produced patterns for transforming men’s suits into ladies’ suits and women’s dresses into children’s clothing. The women of America were once again sewing their own family’s garments. The true hallmarks of fashion in the early 1940s included an austere silhouette with narrow hips, padded shoulders, and all manner of hats. The working-class look of icons such as Rosie the Riveter became chic, as women of all social standings joined the war effort. They kept things going at home, taking over the jobs - and the closets - of husbands and other male relatives. Class barriers fell and people dressed down. It was considered gauche to be showy during a time of shortage. Designers flexed their creative muscle - even creating beautifully decorated gas masks for eveningwear! American designers introduced the concept of separates and co-ordinating components in order to create the illusion of more outfits than one actually had. Classic sportswear styles took hold on college campuses and were soon adopted by all levels of society and all age groups. Many varieties of peplums were in vogue: butterfly, bustle and gathered peplums were a few. Ruffles found their way to skirt hems, necklines and waists. Gored, gathered and A-line skirts were topped with soft, feminine blouses. Blouses donned bows at the center-front neckline and might sport full or puffy sleeves. Collars were cut generously full, in peter pan and traditional pointed shirt-collar designs. Lace also accentuated blouses around the neckline. Overseas, leather was now restricted to military use, so shoe designers were forced to be increasingly clever. Every imaginable material was incorporated into shoes, but reptile skins and mesh were the most successful substitutes. Cork or wood-soled "Wedgies" were another staple. Trims and embellishments were, by necessity, kept to a minimum. Women everywhere used household items, including cellophane and pipe cleaners, to create festive shoe decorations. Everything was recycled, giving rise to such clever advertising as Vogue’s “Make Do & Mend” campaign. Factories were converted from consumer goods production to military production. U.S. rationing rules limited the height of shoe heels to one inch and allowed for only six color choices; stockings were also unavailable. Magazines and beauty salons helped out by offering tips on how to paint legs with back seams and tan using makeup. This being impractical as an ongoing ritual, ankle socks became increasingly popular. In 1947, Dior introduced the “New Look”, featuring longer lengths and fuller skirts; a return to classic femininity with a nipped waist. The use of many yards of fabric in garments was now seen as lavish and opulent. Women’s fashion changed to a soft, feminine and romantic image. The accompanying shoe designs would set the stage for the next decade...
Category: History

Pro-America people...patriots, response?

Answer: america in 1940 was divided on the issue of isolationism as far as europe was concerned,,,roper(like in Elmo Roper,a pollster of the 40s) polls taken over 6 months before pearl harbor would show 65 percent in favor of a millitary involvement in axis aggression,and a month later would show,45%,another month,up to 55&,we could not make up our minds(us population in 1940 was 200,000,000 ),The genesis of u.s foreign policy.relevant to this time as well,was a rough map on white house stationary drawn by fdr as a lesson to harry hopkins on the present level of arms the u.s possessed in march 1941,,,,the map of the east coast,just a rough sketch,showed a dozen or so x's along the east coast.and the figure"1 1/2%"..fdr told harry 'we have at present an army of a hundred thousand men,often armed with broom handles,a few dozen aircraft,,,,,'we are going to have to confront aggression from japan,germany,italy.who have already thousands of modern tanks,planes,and millions of men.We will have to do so thousand of miles from home,and as the germans have already taken france,england has been attacked and temporarily repelled,russia has been invaded,denmark,norway,holland overrun,,,,,,and we will have to build an army of 10 million men,',,,,,harry got on a plane and visited england,then to russia where he sounded out murderer/leader stalin on what stalin and the u.s. could do to battle the fascists,,,,,,russia was attacked on 3 fronts by germany on june 22 1941,and were thrown back thousands of miles by the surprise attack that churchill had warned stalin about hitlers treachery.Roosevelt saw the axis as a threat to the whole world,and the u.s as the only adversary to fascism with the will,and means,and potential to do the job,,,,potential is appropriate,because arms were not yet in numbers to make the difference.the sacrifices we made were to lose 500.000 men killed in action in europe,and the pacific.men who were burned.shot,blown up,shot down in aircraft,stabbed,knifed on behalf of people in europe,and asia.Mention the 40.000 graves with white crosses in normandy,On d-day 1944,from 8 am to nightfall,4,665 allied soldiers died.U.S soldiers marched through hundreds of thousands of european small towns,witnessing the awful deaths brought on by the germans,the piles of bricks.dead horses,and the death camps,whose inmates,those still alive, we fed,gave clean clothes,this after killing or capturing their former masters,,,,and buried those who died,,,,our soldiers took all this to heart and decided "this must never happen to our homes' Thus was born the concept of forward defence.Our shores were not sufficient to protect us from the worlds' problems.After germany surrendered in 1945,unlike the russians,we simply picked up our stuff,got on ships and planes,and went home,leaving behind our dead in every country we liberated,but also leaving us forces with some presence in germany,along with england and france,fdr was aware of german death camps,according to michael beschloss,fdr was advised by churchill of the german death camps,we had long range bombers,which could have been used to bomb the railroads feeding the camps,and nearest german units. fdr declined to act earlier,seeing the total,slow and deliberate build up and forward movement of large american forces as the best way to liberate thee camps.Likely we could have saved many lives,and we (fdr) should have done so a lot earlier. The marshal plan between 48 to 53 contributed to the greatest period of european economic expansion in history,,,,a dozen countries were decimated by the war,the marshal plan provided 12billion four hundred thirty eight million dollars to be used for food medicine,reconstruction ,and over 20 years,we were paid back a billion dollars,writing off the rest,and principal proceeds were applied to help rebuild the continent. You are right,,,,Uncle sam IS a real tightwad.
Category: Other - Politics & Government

America Goes to War - The National WWII Museum

December 7, 1941: A Day That Will Live in Infamy ... The most devastating strike came at Pearl Harbor, the Hawaiian naval base where much of the US Pacific Fleet was ... In the months after Pearl Harbor, the nation swiftly mobilized its human and ... The war effort on the "Home Front" required sacrifices and cooperation.

US NAVY JEEP: Pearl Harbor Survivor "I thought my life might end ...

HONOLULU (Reuters) - At age 19, Delton Walling agreed to have an injured finger surgically removed so he could enlist in the U.S. Navy, and went on to see action in most major World War Two battles in the Pacific. ... Walling, 91, a retired tree trimmer and paper mill worker now widowed and living in California, says returning to Pearl Harbor this week, as he has for 25 of the past 71 years since the attack, transports him back in time, to a day when his personal history ...

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Justifiable or simply murder? I need books about this topic.?

im doing a thesis paper on the topic above and would like a few books on it please? Thank you,
Answer: let's look WAY back before Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 1937-1945 Japanese Army was doing lots of brutal things in Asia(Rape of Nanking, Unit 731, Manila Massacre, comfort women in Korea, massacres in Singapore, and brutal treatments of the Western POWs). We were neutral by the time things happen. But on December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on US naval base at Pearl harbor which brings us into war with Japan. We beat Japan by hopping every island japanese controlled from 1942-1945. On the night of March 9-10, 1945, B29 bombers dropped thousands of incendiary(napalm) bombs into Tokyo. This killed over 250,000 people. Emperor Hirohito was once a god figure of Japan and civilians had their sons/son in law/husband/brother/etc.. out there, invading other countries. Its a way to let them know that their family would be affected too. When those soldiers were killing and raping innocents from other countries, they will feel the pain of knowing that their loved ones were not safely tucked in at their homes. No one is innocent in that country. Those civilians supported the war to the fullest. Yes there were some civilians, but civilians from Japan are different from the ones we know today, they are completely faithful to their country and would die just as any soldier would. If you don't believe me then talk to the US Marines who fought Okinawa. They saw Japanese troops sending their kids to ram their bombs into allied tanks while women from trees trying to snipe at Americans. Even that Japanese officers told civilians that Americans were going to rape them so Japanese civilians responded by jumping off cliffs. Japan was devoted to the Bushido Code meaning that surrender is more dishonorable than killing yourself. WW2 was total war at that time and there was little distinction between civilians and government. The military war-machine cannot operate without a function economic civilian base so they are considered targets by allied bombers. We gave japan to accept the Potsdam Declaration or face "utter destruction". Japan rejected the treaty and thus wanted to keep fighting. Majority of people who died in WW2 were civilians. When the Europeans front ended, 40 million civilians and 15 million military personnels are killed. The world was tired of war and wanted to end. When the pacific war ended, more than 60 million civilians and 40 million military personnels are killed. Add it up from both fronts: Civilians= 100 million and Military= 55 million dead. If you were harry Truman/soldier/general, there are no alternatives that are acceptable. It's morally bad but in strategics terms, it WAS NECESSARY. The nukes were very new at that time and didn't exist to the minds of the every people until Hiroshima and Nagasaki happened. When Japanese and German bomb allied civilians, the allies repay them back in kind but with a greater scale. If you were a commander-in-chief in 1945, there are 4 options you would have chosen. 1- Explode a nuke on island for Japanese to witness? A. Japanese officers and civilians would probably belief the explosion was staged. Not only that they also have to move allied POWs into military targets where American planes would bomb them. 2- Blockade/Starve Japan? A. Not an option. America ain't inhumane, and it would take far too long to work. 3- Operation downfall? Based on the casualties in Okinawa(240,000 Japanese and Americans died, both military and civilians) It would cost millions of lives from both sides. 4. In real life, after 2 bomb drops the Japanese had to be informed no.3 was on the way. Even after surrender the jap-officer staged a coup. The emporer was in favor of surrender, but the military was not and almost took his life, twice, on August 14, 1945 (Kyujo Incident). I submit to you that the dropping of the bomb was the moral act. How would you justify the hundreds of thousands of Japanese and Americans killed in the event of an invasion of the home islands? like i said again when japan tried to surrender through Russia, Japan only asked if they can have their own power and keep the military. They are not going to accept any unconditional surrender at all. How would you tell the millions of children, Japanese and American alike, that you could have prevented their fathers and mother deaths? Is it terrible that the bombs had to be dropped? Yes. But you have to see that the sacrifice of those lost saved lives. People die in huge numbers during wars. None of this is a surprise to anyone. Wars lead to death, the country that starts one takes the responsibility of those deaths. If an aggressive, militaristic Japan does not invade Manchuria and start the ball rolling, does the US drop two nuclear weapons on it? It ended the war quickly not only to end the war but to end the pain and suffering other fronts that the Japanese inflicted. If you are not willing to get punched back, don't start fights.
Category: History

How important was China to defeating the Japanese in WW2?

Im hearing some American historians state that we never actually fought the entire Japanese military force.Those historians are saying that China did equal effort to defeat the Japanese as the US didi.They say that the Chinese helped the US heavily by bogging most of the Japanese army in China.Historians say if that didnt happen,the War in the Pacific would undoubtly be much longer and that we would lose much more Americans lives than we did in the war.Was China equally important to defeatin the Japanese as the US as these American historians ae saying?
Answer: Don't discount further opposition to the Japanese in the Pacific theatre by British Army troops, Royal Air force and Royal Navy, obviously including many men making up the numbers from the various "British Commonwealth" countries. That includes nations such as Australia, New Zealand, India, Canada, as some prime examples of other nationalities fighting the Japanese. The Japanese had to contend with very large numbers of British (and Commonwealth) forces within the theatre of war too, not just US forces. There is an awful lot more to it than just the US vs Japan, with a bit of Chinese involvement. You have to bare in mind that the Imperial Japanese Forces were spread widely across the expanse of the Pacific theatre as they expanded their empire, in so doing fighting men from many other nations. Parts of China were effectively occupied by the Japanese, which included some terrible massacres in the process, but they fought back with minimal troops, tied down large numbers of Japanese troops that could have been better used elsewhere, and instrumentally also permitted Air Forces of the allied nations to operate from within China too. Was it an "Equal Effort" however? No, China's involvement was minimal in the grand scheme of the enormity of WW2, and ultimately their decision to permit foreign friendly forces onto their territory saved China from total defeat and helped the war turn an important corner in favour of the allies. Was their involvement important? Ultimately they had no choice anyway, with Japan being the invading aggressor, but their involvement was important in that it kept the Japanese forces fighting on more than one front, a major strategic issue!!!! There was also the infamous involvement very early on in the Pacific war by US Pilots and Airmen, who fought as "civilians" in the defence of China. Without their intervention China could have been capitulating long before Pearl Harbour even took place. These men left regular US Army Air force service to go to China and fight as part of the "1st American Volunteer Group", (AKA the Flying Tigers"). These men went to China effectively as civilian Pilots, paid for by the Chinese, flying dated aircraft, but using expert tactics to defend Chinese territory and airspace. They became instrumental in beating back the Japanese Imperial Air Force and logged large numbers of enemy kills before they were inexorably disbanded following the actual US declaration of war upon Japan, when they were to be returned home to full time service for their US homeland.
Category: Military

Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt Knew by Justin Raimondo -- Antiwar.com

Today is the seventy-first anniversary of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, an act that brought us into World War II, pushed a reluctant America onto the world stage, and ushered in the age of empire. ... Day of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor, obtained heretofore unknown documents under the Freedom of Information Act, which trace the intelligence stream from interception stations throughout the Pacific to the 36 Americans cleared to look through ...

Copper Gazette: On this day in History - Pearl Harbor bombed 12-7 ...

Much of the Pacific fleet was rendered useless: Five of eight battleships, three destroyers, and seven other ships were sunk or severely damaged, and more than 200 aircraft were destroyed. ... The day after Pearl Harbor was bombed, President Roosevelt appeared before a joint session of Congress and declared, "Yesterday, December 7, 1941--a date which will live in infamy--the United States of America was suddenly and .... Specializing in acreage and homes ...

Battleship USS Arizona BB-39 and Pearl Harbor Memorial - USS ...

It serves as a lasting tribute to the 1,177 men who lost their lives on that "Day of Infamy". Home ... As the generation of Pearl Harbor Survivors, WWII veterans, and home front civilians pass away, the ... USS Arizona Survivors tour World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument ... Our visitors since September 3, 1999: ...

APUSH Chapter 35 Multiple Choice?

Select the best answer and write the proper letter in the space provided. ___ 1. The fundamental American strategic decision of World War II was a. to attack Germany and Japan simultaneously with equal force b. to concentrate naval forces in the Pacific and ground forces in Europe c. to attack Germany first while using just enough strength to hold off Japan d. to attack Germany and Japan from the “back door” routes of North Africa and China ___ 2. The major exception to the relatively good American civil liberties record during World War II was the treatment of a. American Fascist groups b. Japanese-Americans c. Mexican-Americans d. German-Americans ___ 3. Wartime inflation and food shortages were kept partly in check by a. price controls and rationing b. government operation of factories and railroads c. special bonuses to farmers and workers to increase production d. importation of additional fuel and food from Latin America ___ 4. The wartime shortage of labor was partly made up by bringing into the work force such groups as a. teenage and elderly laborers b. Japanese and Chinese immigrants c. Mexican braceros and women d. sharecroppers and inner-city residents ___ 5. Compared with British and Soviet women during World War II, more American women a. did not work for wages in the wartime economy b. worked in heavy-industry war plants c. served in the armed forces d. worked in agriculture Kennedy Ch. 35 Homework Packet Page 3 ___ 6. The Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) was designed to a. prevent discrimination against African Americans in wartime industries b. guarantee all regions of the country an opportunity to compete for defense contracts c. prevent discrimination in employment against women d. guarantee that those who had been unemployed longest would be the first hired ___ 7. The wartime migration of rural African-Americans to northern urban factories was further accelerated after the war by the invention of a. the cotton gin b. the gasoline-powered mechanical combine c. synthetic fibers such as nylon that largely replaced cotton cloth d. the mechanical cotton picker ___ 8. Besides African Americans, another traditionally rural group who used service in the armed forces as a springboard to postwar urban life was a. Scandinavian-Americans b. New England Farmers c. Native Americans d. Japanese-Americans ___ 9. The Japanese advance in the Pacific was finally halted at the battles of a. Guadalcanal and Tarawa b. Bataan and Corregidor c. Guam and Wake Island d. Coral Sea and Midway ___ 10. The 1942 battles of Bataan and Corregidor in the Philippines marked the beginning of a. Japanese conquest of key Pacific islands b. the American comeback from the terrible defeat at Pearl Harbor c. air warfare conducted from the decks of aircraft carriers d. a brutal tropical war in which atrocities were committed on both sides ___ 11. The essential American strategy in the Pacific called for a. securing bases in China from which to bomb the Japanese home islands. b. carrying the war into Southeast Asia from Australia and New Guinea. c. advancing on as broad a front as possible all across the Pacific d. “island hopping” by capturing only the most strategic Japanese bases and bypassing the rest ___ 12. The country least eager to establish a “second front” against Hitler in the west was a. the Soviet Union b. the United States c. Great Britain d. France ___ 13. The U.S-British demand for “unconditional surrender” was a. a sign of the Western Allies’ confidence in its ultimate victory b. designed to weaken Japan’s and Germany’s will to resist c. a weak verbal substitute for the promised “Second Front.” d. developed in close cooperation with the Soviet Union. Kennedy Ch. 35 Homework Packet Page 4 ___ 14. The American conquest of Guam and other islands of the Marianas in 1944 was especially important because a. it halted the Japanese advance in the Pacific b. it made possible round-the-clock bombing of Japan from land bases c. it paved the way for the American reconquest of the Philippines d. it indicated that the Japanese would surrender without an invasion of the home island ___ 15. The most difficult European fighting for Americans through most of 1943 occurred in a. France b. Italy c. North Africa d. Belgium
Answer: Why are you even in an AP class if you can't do the work?
Category: History

World War II - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

... the Pacific after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. Find out about these war years and their effect on New Zealanders' lives, including on the home front.

Presidential Proclamation -- National Pearl Harbor Remembrance ...

In less than 2 hours, the bombs that rained on Pearl Harbor robbed thousands of men, women, and children of their lives; in little more than a day, our country was thrust into the greatest conflict the world had ever known. We mark this anniversary by honoring ... across the Pacific. Millions more carried out the fight in factories and shipyards here at home, building the arsenal of democracy that propelled America to the victory President Roosevelt foresaw. On every front ...

The Home Front

Home · AP U.S. History · Topic Outlines The Home Front ... Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States swiftly mobilized its armed forces and national ...

Editorial: Remembering Pearl Harbor - Gloucester Daily Times

And within days, America was forced from being a nation at a neutral peace to one plunged deeply into World War II, drawing millions of young Americans to fight, to risk or lose their lives both in Europe and on the Pacific front ...

How did World War II change the American way of life while it was being fought and after it was over?

need to know how/why Americans were affected by the war’s purpose, the impact on labor-management relations, gender and race issues, and politics.
Answer: Returning servicemen took advantage of the GI Bill to put themselves through college. Many of them were the first in their families to earn a degree. It made a huge difference in the growing post-war middle class and its ability to own a house and to provide for their baby boomer children. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100808175104AAIJPsb ------- While combat continued in Europe, the United States remained dormant. With the exception of industrial and financial aid, the United States did little to help the Allies growing struggle. The United States tried to keep from fighting in the war and ensured that no other powers in north western hemisphere could attack the United States. Unfortunately, on the day of December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Battleships were devastated and 159 aircraft carriers were damaged. Over two thousand people died, and America faced its most devastating blow in history. After the infamous day at Pearl Harbor, America entered the war. In need of a significant military, the United States gathered soldiers from around the country and instated the draft. Many young men were forced to leave the country in order to fight a war halfway across the world. My great aunt can remember vividly the day her brothers were called to the war. I knew that since they were leaving, it was possible that I might not ever see them again.” Many people felt this exact way and tried their best to cope with this fact. With American troops in Europe, the United States tried to keep the war effort up back in the states. The economy expanded and America became an even greater world power. As well as the economy being affected, the American way of life changed. Women became a more integral part of the work force, and industry and manufacturing grew rapidly. Victory gardens were planted for the troops, and wars bonds were created to finance the war effort. Air raid drills were also common around the country. With little opposition to the war, nearly every American felt great patriotism. While soldiers were away, those back at home faced several changes in America. After the German surrender of all troops, it became clear that victory was approaching. On May 8, 1945, victory was declared in Europe, and the Allies had won the war. After the victory in Europe, many soldiers began heading home. According to my great aunt, parties were thrown all the time for soldiers returning home. The homecomings called for celebrations and parties were abundant.” Everyone was excited the war had ended, and many soldiers could return home. Americans contributed fifteen thousand aircrafts and over one million tanks for World War II. In total the United States lost around one hundred thirty-five thousand lives during the war. In the end, World War II left Americans changed and united the country under one front. My great aunt remembers World War II as a time in which America became unified. She also remembers that Americans backed the war and supported the soldiers fighting in Europe and the Pacific. World War II had its greatest effect on both the soldiers fighting in Europe and the average American families in the United States. http://www.glynn.k12.ga.us/~pwilliam/BHS/academics/junior/hunt/bridgettj11429/home.html
Category: History

Why God must made me so unique (Interests, Passion, Beliefs & Music) that I am hated and despised by everyone?

For the past 23 years of my life on Earth, I have never been a happy person. I hate my life, I am a Social Outcast and a Loner. I am very sure that I will die alone and rot in my house and nobody will know that I have already been dead for 3 weeks until my neighbour smell my rotting corpse from my house. Not only am I hated in schools, as I grew older, I am also hated in the workplace, churches and public places. Wherever I go, I am hated and despised by everyone. When people see me, they will either avoid me or stay away from me as far away as possible. I really hate this world! Nobody except my Grandma is good to me. Everyone is "Bastards. I hate all of these people and my colleagues for what they have done to me! I never forgive and I never forget for what they have done and said to me! I also have problems communicating with people because I just could not click with them. I just do not belong to the 21st century. The reason is because of my Unique Interests, Passion, Beliefs & Music: Interests and Passion: History of Singapore - " Colonial Singapore (1819 – 1942), The Battle for Singapore, The Japanese Occupation, The Sook Ching Massacre and History of the Places & Roads in Singapore. British Military in Singapore - Underground bunkers, Gun Batteries, Artillery guns, Forts, Machine Gun posts, Pillboxes and Secret Tunnels build by the British Military History of England – The Middle Ages, Tudor England, Stuart England, The English Civil War, The American Revolutionary War, Home front in Britain during WWII & Children of WWII. History of America – Life in Colonial America, The 13 Colonies, The American Revolutionary War and The American Civil War. WWII – WWII in Europe, Battle of Britain, D-Day Invasion, The Holocaust, Pearl Harbour Attack, WWII in the Pacific, American troops in the Pacific and Europe. Beliefs: Mysteries: Bermuda Triangle, Stonehenge, Easter Island, The Mayans, Mysterious places of the World, Strange Monuments of the World Strange Pyramids of the World, Lost Civilizations, Cities of the Underworld, Underwater Cities, Unexplained & Unsolved mysteries and Phenomenon, Portal (gateway) to other Dimensions (another world) Ancient Mysteries: Standing Stones & Spheres in Orkney Islands, Scandinavia, Carnac (Brittany; France), Mystery Hill in the north of Boston, Stone globes in Diquis Delta of Costa Rica, Stonehenge & Avebury, Sacsayhuaman and Easter Island. Lost Lands and Secrets: Lyonesse (off the Scilly isles), Atland (off the Netherlands), Atlantis, Thera (volcanic island near Crete), Lemuria, Shangri-La, Centre of the Earth, Crop Circles and Time travel. Lost Civilizations: Atlantis, Crete, Lemuria, the Minoans, the Aztecs, Incas and the Mayans Disappearances: Bermuda Triangle, Mary Celeste, the mystery of Devil’s Bridge, Missing at Sea, Land and Air. Lake Monsters: Loch Ness Monster, Sea Serpents and Lake Monsters, Mokele, Mbembe, Mysteries of Water Monsters, UFOs & Aliens Extra Sensory Perception: 6th Sense (also called ESP), Déjà vu, Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Clairsentience, Clairaudience, Premonitions, Dreams, Precognition, Recognition, Telekinesis, Ability to see Ghosts, Near-death experiences, Out-of-Body experiences, Psychics, Fortune Telling and Crystals. Paranormal: The Supernatural, The Afterlife, Ghosts, Hauntings - "Haunted Houses, Castles, Hotels, Hospitals, Schools, Places, Hospitals, Battlefields, Highway and Roads " Spirituality: Fairies, Pixies, Elves, Dragons, Unicorns Music: Colonial America Folk Songs, American Revolution Songs, Folk Music of England, Middle Ages Music, Renaissance Music, Baroque Music, An Irish Party in Third Class (Irish Folk Song), Danny Boy, Celtic Music, 1930s - 1940s songs, Hooked on Swing Dancing, Elvis Presley, Operas and Charlotte Church. Because my Interests, Passion, Beliefs & Music are so different from other people, people find that I am a freak and an abnormal person. I really want to know why God must made me in such a way that the Society cannot accept me? Why must God made life so miserable and difficult for me? My mother should not have even bring me into this world. So, is this my mothers fault or Gods fault?
Answer: The answer is simple. There is no God. No one has to accept anyone. You sound way to high strung and opinionated. You really should relax and pursue your hobbies because they interest you, not because you are looking for friendships or relationships. People can pick up on desperation, so just chill out and be friendly and nice to people, and they'll be more accepting.
Category: Religion & Spirituality

USS Arizona Memorial – 50th Anniversary « Pro President Obama ...

The USS Arizona Memorial, located at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, marks the resting place of 1102 of the 1177 sailors killed on the USS Arizona during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 by Japanese imperial ... WhiteHouse.gov http://www.whitehouse.gov/live ... Honolulu (CNN) — President Barack Obama has now done what every president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has done — visited the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

The U.S. Home Front During World War II — History.com Articles ...

During World War II every aspect of American life was impacted, from ... After the December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on the American naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the ... The following day, America and Great Britain declared war on Japan. ... a similar assault on the U.S. mainland, particularly along the Pacific coast.

Alien fiction: MAKE SURE YOU LOOK AT THE DETAILS!!!?

Ok so people on yahoo are almost constantly asking questions about aliens in the Astronomy & Space section. So I want a short story 1-3 pages about the aliens attacking us (or us attacking the aliens) best story gets 10 points. So its not really a question, forgive me. I guess SOME of you dont know when NOT to be sarcastic.
Answer: Five years before Roswell, five years before pilot Kenneth Arnold's landmark sightings of "flying saucers" in the Pacific Northwest, 3 years before the Battle of the Bulge, two years before D-Day, and years before the so-called "modern UFO era" had officially begun, there was the Battle of Los Angeles, arguably the most sensational, dramatic UFO mass encounter on record. Have you ever heard of the Battle of Los Angeles? Few have. Imagine a visiting spacecraft from another world, or dimension, hovering over a panicked and blacked-out LA in the middle of the night just weeks after Pearl Harbor at the height of WWII fear and paranoia. Imagine how this huge ship, assumed to be some unknown Japanese aircraft, was then attacked as it hung, nearly stationary, over Culver City and Santa Monica by dozens of Army anti-aircraft batteries firing nearly 2,000 rounds of 12 pound, high explosive shells in full view of hundreds of thousands of residents. Imagine all of that and you have an idea of what was the Battle of Los Angeles. The sudden appearance of the enormous round object triggered all of LA and most of Southern California into an immediate wartime blackout with thousands of Air Raid Wardens scurrying all over the darkened city while the drama unfolded in the skies above... a drama which would result in the deaths of six people and the raining of shell fragments on homes, streets, and buildings for miles around. Dozens of gun crews and searchlights of the Army's 37th Coast Artillery Brigade easily targeted the huge ship which hung like a surreal magic lantern in the clear, dark winter sky over the City of the Angels. Few in the city were left asleep after the Coastal Defense gunners commenced firing hundreds and hundreds of rounds up toward the glowing ship which was apparently first sighted as it hovered above such west side landmarks as the MGM studios in Culver City. The thump of the batteries and the ignition of the aerial shells reverberated from one end of LA to the other as the gun crews easily landed scores of what many termed "direct hits"....all to no avail. Here now, is what the night skies of LA looked like at the height of the firing.... Pay close attention to the convergence of the searchlights and you will clearly see the shape of the visitor within the illuminated target area. It's a BIG item and seemed completely oblivious to the hundreds of AA shells bursting on and adjacent to it which caused it no evident dismay. There were casualties, however...on the ground. At least 6 people died as a direct result of the Army's attack on the UFO which slowly and leisurely made its way down to and then over Long Beach before finally moving off and disappearing. In February, 1942, Katie was a young, beautiful, and highly-successful interior decorator and artist who worked with many of Hollywood's most glamorous celebrities and film industry luminaries. She lived on the west side of Los Angeles, not far from Santa Monica. With the outbreak of the war with Japan and the rising fear of a Japanese air attack, or even invasion of the West Coast, thousands of residents volunteered for wartime duties on the home front. Katie volunteered to become an Air Raid Warden as did 12,000 other residents in the sprawling city of Los Angeles and surrounding communities. In the early morning hours of February 25th, Katie's phone rang. It was the Air Raid supervisor in her district notifying her of an alert and asking if she had seen the object in the sky very close to her home. She immediately walked to a window and looked up. "It was huge! It was just enormous! And it was practically right over my house. I had never seen anything like it in my life!" she said. "It was just hovering there in the sky and hardly moving at all." With the city blacked out, Katie, and hundreds of thousands of others, were able to see the eerie visitor with spectacular clarity. "It was a lovely pale orange and about the most beautiful thing you've ever seen. I could see it perfectly because it was very close. It was big!" The U.S. Army anti-aircraft searchlights by this time had the object completely covered. "They sent fighter planes up (the Army denied any of its fighters were in action) and I watched them in groups approach it and then turn away. There were shooting at it but it didn't seem to matter." Katie is insistent about the use of planes in the attack on the object. The planes were apparently called off after several minutes and then the ground cannon opened up. "It was like the Fourth of July but much louder. They were firing like crazy but they couldn't touch it." The attack on the object lasted over half an hour before the visitor eventually disappeared from sight. Many eyewitnesses talked of numerous "direct hits" on the big craft but no damage was seen done to it. "I'll never forget what a magnificent sight it was. Just marvelous. And what a georgeous color!", said Katie. "The object...caught in the center of the lights like the hub of a bicycle wheel surrounded by gleaming spokes. The fire seemed to burst in rings all around the object." The ONLY description in the LA Times of the UFO, and a sense of the energy and emotion of that night, was found in this small sidebar article written by Times staff writer the day after the event: Explosions stabbing the darkness like tiny bursting stars... Searchlight beams poking long crisscross fingers across the night sky...Yells of wardens and the whistles of police and deputy sheriffs...The brief on-and-off flick of lights, telephone calls, snatches of conversation: 'Get the dirty...' That was Los Angeles under the rumble of gunfire yesterday. RESIDENTS AWAKENED Sleepy householders awoke to the dull thud of explosions... "Thunder? Can't be!" Then: "Air Raid! Come here quick! Look over there...those searchlights. They've got something...they are blasting in with anti-aircraft!" Father, mother, children all gathered on the front porch, congregated in small clusters in the blacked out streets -- against orders. Babies cried, dogs barked, doors slammed. But the object in the sky slowly moved on, caught in the center of the lights like the hub of a bicycle wheel surrounded by gleaming spokes. SPECULATION RIFE Speculation fell like rain. "It's a whole squadron." "No, it's a blimp. It must be because it's moving so slowly." "I hear planes." "No you don't. That's a truck up the street." "Where are the planes then?" "Dunno. They must be up there though." "Wonder why they picked such a clear night for a raid?" "They're probably from a carrier." "Naw, I'll bet they are from a secret air base down south somewhere." Still the firing continued. Like lethal firecrackers, the anti-aircraft rounds blasted above, below, seemingly right on the target fixed in the tenacious beams. Other shots fell short, exploding halfway up the long climb. Tracers sparked upward like roman candles. Metal fell. It fell in chunks, large and small; not enemy metal, but the whistling fragments of bursting ack-ack shells. The menacing thud and clank on streets and roof tops drove many spectators to shelter. WARDENS DO GOOD JOB Wardens were on the job, doing a good job of it. "Turn off your lights, please. Pull over to the curb and stop. Don't use your telephone. Take shelter. Take shelter." On every street brief glares of hooded flashlights cut the darkness, warning creeping drivers to stop. Police watched at main intersections. Sirens wailed enroute to and from blackout accidents. There came lulls in the firing. The search lights went out. (To allow the fighter planes to attack?). Angelinos breathed deeply and said, "I guess it's all over." But before they could tell their neighbors good night, the guns were blasting again, sighting up the long blue beams of the lights. WATCHERS SHIVER The fire seemed to burst in rings all around the target. But the eager watchers, shivering in the early morning cold, weren't rewarded by the sight of a falling plane. Nor were there any bombs dropped. "Maybe it's just a test," someone remarked. "Test, hell!" was the answer. "You don't throw that much metal in the air unless you're fixing on knocking something down." Still the firing continued, muttering angrily off toward the west like a distant thunderstorm. The targeted object inched along high, flanked by the cherry red explosions. And the householders shivered in their robes, their faces set, watching the awesome scene. The following are excerpts from the primary front page story of the LA Times on February 26th. Note that there is not a SINGLE description of the object even though is was clearly locked in the focus of dozens of searchlights for well over half an hour and seen by hundreds of thousands of people: Army Says Alarm Real Overshadowing a nation-wide maelstrom of rumors and conflicting reports, the Army's Western Defense Command insisted that Los Angeles' early morning blackout and anti-aircraft action were the result of unidentified aircraft sighted over the beach area. In two official statements, issued while Secretary of the Navy Knox in Washington was attributing the activity to a false alarm and "jittery nerves," the command in San Francisco confirmed and reconfirmed the presence over the Southland of unidentified planes. Relayed by the Southern California sector office in Pasadena, the second statement read: "The aircraft which caused the blackout in the Los Angeles area for several hours this a.m. have not been identified." Insistence from official quarters that the alarm was real came as hundreds of thousands of citizens who heard and saw the activity spread countless varying stories of the episode. The spectacular anti-aircraft barrage came after the 14th Interceptor Command ordered the blackout when strange craft were reported over the coastline. Powerful searchlights from countless stations stabbed the sky with brilliant probing fingers while anti-aircraft batteries dotted the heavens with beautiful, if sinister, orange bursts of shrapnel. City Blacked Out For Hours The city was blacked out from 2:25 to 7:21 am after an earlier yellow alert at 7:18 pm was called off at 10:23 pm. The blackout was in effect from here to the Mexican border and inland to the San Joaquin Valley. No bombs were dropped and no airplanes shot down and, miraculously in terms of the tons of missiles hurled aloft, only two persons were reported wounded by falling shell fragments. Countless thousands of Southland residents, many of whom were late to work because of the traffic tie-up during the blackout, rubbed their eyes sleepily yesterday and agreed that regardless of the question of how "real" the air raid alarm may have been, it was "a great show" and "well worth losing a few hours' sleep." The blackout was not without its casualties, however. A State Guardsman died of a heart attack while driving an ammunition truck, heart failure also accounted for the death of an air raid warden on duty, a woman was killed in a car-truck collision in Arcadia, and a Long Beach policeman was killed in a traffic crash enroute to duty. Much of the firing appeared to come from the vicinity of aircraft plants along the coastal area of Santa Monica, Inglewood, Southwest Los Angeles, and Long Beach. On Wednesday, February 25, 1942, as war raged in Europe and Asia, at least a million Southern Californians awoke to the scream of air-raid sirens as Los Angeles County cities blacked out at 2:25 AM. Many dozed off again while 12,000 air raid wardens reported faithfully to their posts, most of them expecting nothing more than a dress rehearsal for a possible future event - an invasion of the United States by Japan. At 3:36, however, they were shocked and their slumbering families rudely roused again, this time by sounds unfamiliar to most Americans outside the military services. The roar of the 37th Coast Artillery Brigade's antiaircraft batteries jolted them out of bed and before they could get to the windows the flashing 12.8 pound shells were detonating with a heavy, ominous boomp - boomp - boomp and the steel was already raining down. All radio stations had been ordered off the air at 3:08. But the news was being written with fingers of light three miles high on a clear star-studded blackboard 30 miles long. The firing continued intermittently until 4:14. Unexploded shells destroyed pavement, homes and public buildings, three persons were killed and three died of heart attacks directly attributable to the one hour barrage. Several persons were injured by shrapnel. A dairy herd was hit but only a few cows were casualties. The blackout was lifted and sirens screamed all clear at 7:21. The shooting stopped but the shouting had hardly begun. Military men who never flinched at the roar of rifles now shook at the prospect of facing the press. While they probably could not be blamed for what had happened, they did have some reason for distress. The thing they had been shooting at could not be identified. Caught by the searchlights and captured in photographs, was an object big enough to dwarf an apartment house. Experienced lighter-than-air (dirigible) specialists doubted it could be a Japanese blimp because the Japanese had no known source of helium, and hydrogen was much too dangerous to use under combat conditions. Whatever it was, it was a sitting duck for the guns of the 37th. Photographs showed shells bursting all around it. A Los Angeles Herald Express staffer said he was sure many shells hit it directly. He was amazed it had not been shot down. The object that triggered the air raid alarm had drawn 1430 rounds of ammunition from the coast artillery, to no effect. When it moved at all, the object had proceeded at a leisurely pace over the coastal cities between Santa Monica and Long Beach, taking about 30 minutes of actual flight time to move 20 miles; then it disappeared from view. You can well imagine with what chagrin public information officers answered press queries. The Pasadena Office of the Southern California Sector of the Army Western Defense Command simply announced that no enemy aircraft had been identified; no craft was shot down; no bombs were dropped; none of our interceptors left the ground to pursue the intruder. Soon thereafter US Navy Secretary Frank Knox announced that no planes had been sighted. The coastal firing had been triggered, he said, by a false alarm and jittery nerves. He also suggested that some war industries along the coast might have to be moved inland to points invulnerable to attacks from enemy submarines and carrier-based planes. The press responded with scathing editorials, many on page one, calling attention to the loss of life and denouncing the use of the coast artillery to fire at phantoms. The Los Angeles Times demanded a full explanation from Washington. The Long Beach Telegram complained that government officials who all along had wanted to move the industries were manipulating the affair for propaganda purposes. And the Long Beach Independent charged: "There is a mysterious reticence about the whole affair and it appears some form of censorship is trying to halt discussion of the matter. Although it was red-hot news not one national radio commentator gave it more than passing mention. This is the kind of reticence that is making the American people gravely suspect the motives and the competence of those whom they have charged with the conduct of the war." The Independent had good reason to question the competence of some of the personnel responsible for our coastal defense operations as well as the integrity and motives of our highest government officials. Only 36 hours before the Long Beach air raid, a gigantic Japanese submarine had surfaced close to shore 12 miles north of Santa Barbara and in 25 minutes of unchallenged firing lobbed 25 five-inch shells at the petroleum refinery in the Ellwood oil field. The Fourth Interceptor Command, although aware of the sub's attack, ordered a blackout from Ventura to Goleta but sent no planes out to sink it. Not one shot was fired at the sub. After the Ellwood incident had alerted all the West Coast defense posts to possible repeat attacks, these units were sensitive to anticipated invasion attempts. By Wednesday morning in the Los Angeles area they were ready to open fire on a boy's kite if it in any way resembled a plane or a balloon. Secretary of War Henry Stimson praised the 37th Cost Artillery for this attitude. It is better to be a little too alert than not alert enough, he said. At the same time he delicately suggested that it might have been a good idea to send some of our planes up to identify the invading aircraft before shooting at them. Planes of the Fourth Interceptor Command were, in fact, warming up on the runways waiting for orders to go up and interview the unknown intruders. Why, everybody was asking, were they not ordered to go into action during the 51-minute period between the first air-raid alert at 2:25 AM and the first artillery firing at 3:16? Against this background of embarrassing indecision and confusion, Army Western Defense Command obviously had to say something fast. Spokesmen told reporters that from one to 50 planes had been sighted, thus giving themselves ample latitude in which to adjust future stories to fit whatever propaganda requirements might arise in the next few days. When eyewitness reports from thousands searching the skies with binoculars under the bright lights of the coast artillery verified the presence of one enormous, unidentifiable, indestructible object - but not the presence of large numbers of planes - the press releases were gradually scaled downward. A week later Gen. Mark Clark acknowledged that army listening posts had detected what they thought were five light planes approaching the coast on the night of the air raid. No interceptors, he said, had been sent out to engage them because there had been no mass attack. Believing an aerial bombardment was in progress, some people thought they saw formations of warplanes, dogfights between enemy craft and our fighter planes and other things that they assumed were evidence of such an attack. Obviously there were no dogfights because none of our interceptors were in the air. Tracer bullets were fired from military ground stations and some people mistook the fire pattern made by these projectiles for aerial combat. Other observers reported lighted objects which were variously described as red-and-white flares in groups of three red and three white, fired alternately, or chainlike strings of red lights looking something like an illuminated kite. People suggested that some of these lights were caused by Japanese-Americans signaling approaching Japanese aircraft with flares to guide them to selected targets, but because no bombs were dropped, the theory was quickly abandoned. In any case, such charges fitted in perfectly with a hysterical press campaign to round up all citizens of Japanese descent and put them in concentration camps. During the week of the Japanese submarine attack on the Ellwood oil field and the air raid on Los Angeles County, the press took full advantage of the made-to-order situation. Arrests of suspects were quickly made and the FBI was called in, but the Long Beach Press Telegram stated all investigations indicated nobody was signaling the enemy from the ground. Just a few days before the "Battle of LA" a Japanese submarine had surfaced at night and fired its deck gun into the Ellwood oil field located 12 miles northwest of Santa Barbara. The LA Times: "From Santa Barbara, area of the submarine attack Monday night, District Attorney Percy Heckendorf said he would appeal to Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt, commanding officer of the Western Defense Command, to make Santa Barbara County a restricted area for enemy nationals and American-born Japanese as well. "There is convincing proof," Heckendorf asserted, "that there were shore signals flashed to the enemy." Heckendorf said the people will hold Gen. DeWitt responsible if he failed to act. Army ordinance officers, meanwhile, were studying more than 200 pounds of shell fragments from missiles fired by the submarine, which caused only $500 damage in the Ellwood oil field near Santa Barbara." It is said by some locals that the skipper or one of the officers on the Japanese sub had worked in the Ellwood oil field some years prior to the outbreak of the war. The story claims that the man had been mistreated by some of his co-workers during that time, had returned to Japan before the war began, and had then subsequently helped lead the submarine back to the area to make it's attack. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- On Wednesday, February 25, 1942, at precisely 2 a.m., diners at the trendy Trocadero club in Hollywood were startled when the lights winked out and air raid sirens began to sound throughout greater Los Angeles. "Searchlights scanned the skies and anti-aircraft guns protecting the vital aircraft and ship-building factories went into action. In the next few hours they would fire over 1,400 shells at an unidentified, slow- moving object in the sky over Los Angeles that looked like a blimp, or a balloon."
Category: Astronomy & Space

events leading to the end of world war 2?

italy
Answer: ~The end of the war in Europe was determined the moment Operation Barbarossa began. The German General Staff and Hitler woefully underestimated the quantity and quality of Soviet arms, the will and ability of the Red Army to fight, the prowess of Stalin and his field generals as tacticians and leaders, and the logistical futility of attempting such a massive invasion along such a huge front over such unmaintainable distances. The end was written at Moscow and Stalingrad and carved in stone at Kursk. By the same token, Hitler and the National Socialists knew that war with the USSR was inevitable and the invasion was launched at the best possible time, when the chances of success were greatest. Had he waited, Hitler would have found himself fighting a defensive war along the Oder rather than an offensive one along the Don and Volga. The result would have been the same. It simply would have come sooner. Hitler's greatest miscalculation was in hoping and expecting the the UK and the US had a shared enemy in the communists and the USSR and a common goal in eradicating them. He knew that neither the UK nor the US were of any particular concern to him militarily (and as history proved, in that he was absolutely correct), but he did want the assistance of the Royal Navy, a secure rear, and the US industrial might on his side. As a matter of political logic and expedience, he had good reason to believe an Anglo-German alliance could be forged and if it was, the US would join or at the very least begin to act like the neutral it claimed to be. The end of the war in the Pacific was written before Pearl Harbor was attacked. FDR had been hell bent on provoking that attack for years and moving the fleet to Pearl from San Diego against the advice and over the objection of his best naval planners and officers, supporting Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh in Indochina, creating an entire new army (the USAFFE) and stationing it in the heart of the Japanese sphere of influence and then attaching an air wing (the USAAFE) to it and stationing the largest collection of US warplanes outside the continental US astride vital Japanese trade and military routes pretty much guaranteed the attack would come. The Hull Note was icing on the cake. Tojo and Yamamoto knew Japan could not win a war against the industrial base of the US once it was unleashed against them. They felt they had no choice, however, but to launch Kido Butai. The goal was to bring the US to the peace table, to remove US naval influence from the Pacific Basin for a year or so, to force FDR to act like the neutral he falsely claimed to be in the Second Sino-Japanese War and to lift the crippling embargoes that were designed and intended to reduce Japan to the ranks of a wannbe Third World nation. Had Nagumo been authorized to take out Midway and Wake on the way home, had Genda been allowed to launch the third wave against the sub pens, the drydocks and maintenance yards and the oil storage facilities, and had the carriers been in port, the plan might have worked. As the US government itself determined, the atomic bombs were unnecessary to end the war: "Based on a detailed investigation of all the facts, and supported by the testimony of the surviving Japanese leaders involved, it is the Survey's opinion that certainly prior to 31 December 1945, and in all probability prior to 1 November 1945, Japan would have surrendered even if the atomic bombs had not been dropped, even if Russia had not entered the war, and even if no invasion had been planned or contemplated." The United States Strategic Bombing Survey, July 1, 1946. Eisenhower, Nimitz, MacArthur, Chief of Staff Leahy and a host of others in similar positions of knowledge and authority at the time all recommended against dropping the bombs because they would not expedite the end of the war, were not necessary to bring about Japan's surrender and would not save lives, either American or Japanese. Although Operation Downfall (the proposed invasion of the Japanese home islands) had been planned, very few in the Pentagon or in the field believed for a moment that it would ever be implemented. The convention and incendiary bombs that had been dropped on Japan for months before Fat Man and Little boy fell had destroyed 67 cities and killed some 2 million civilians. Curtis LeMay complained that he had no worthwhile targets left against which to task his bombers (who roamed the Japanese skies at will, virtually unmolested). The blockade was starving the population and the troops stationed at home and had brought Japanese industry to a halt. Japan was incapable of continuing the fight and the peace overtures that had been coming out of Tokyo through Moscow, Switzerland and Sweden and elsewhere were becoming more earnest and more frequent and more urgent. In April, Emperor Showa had instructed the Cabinet to end the war "at any cost". MacArthur wanted to negotiate, possibly with a cease fire in place. Nimitz agreed. First FDR, then HST, refused. Japan was under martial law, for fear of a popular revolt to end the war. Several coup and assassination attempts had been thwarted and/or had failed. The nukes were dropped as a political statement and out of no military need or purpose. The turning point battle at sea was Midway. Japan was on the retreat from then on. The real war was being fought on land, in Indochina, Manchuria, Korea and China. The Chinese forces under Mao and Chaing Kai Shek, once the leaders actually began to cooperate somewhat with each other, had turned the tied and were on the offensive. Stalin kept his Yalta and Tehran commitments and declared war on Japan 90 days after Berlin fell. The Red Army having just won the war in Europe with little help from the western allies immediately began to chew up and spit out the remnants of the Japanese land forces in Manchuria. Once the Imperial Japanese Navy lost control of the sea lanes and the Japan was denied the essential imports and resources to feed her people and fuel her economy, the end was a foregone conclusion. That process began before Pearl and became irreversible at Midway. Italy and the other European Axis allies were never a significant factor. When Berlin could no longer support them because of irrep like laceable losses sustained on the Eastern Front, they each fell one by one to their inevitable defeat, both as a result of opposing forces and from successful opposition from within. The lessor axis allies,the UK and US, had little to do with either the prosecution of the real war or its outcome.
Category: History

After Pearl Harbor: LIFE in the Pacific and on the Home Front - LIFE http://t.co/TaJCvWhi via @LIFE 71st Anniversary - In Remembrance
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